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6个藜麦新品系在宁夏海原旱作区的引种评价

2021-06-20李成虎马维亮崔建荣张继伟赵鹏善陈国雄

甘肃农业科技 2021年5期

李成虎 马维亮 崔建荣 张继伟 赵鹏善 陈国雄

摘要:以藜麦新品种陇藜4号为对照,对6个引进的藜麦新品系在宁夏海原旱作区的表现进行了分析。结果表明,引进的6个藜麦新品系和对照陇藜4号均能正常成熟,生育期为110~116 d。株高、穗形、籽粒颜色、千粒重、茎秆易折度等性状在陇藜4号和6个引进的藜麦新品系间存在不同程度的差异。参试的藜麦新品种(系)的折合产量为3 245.78~7 872.89 kg/hm2,其中以CA4-1折合产量最高,为7 872.89 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇藜4号增产9.4%,增产极显著。CA3-1茎秆不易折断,千粒重最高(3.64 g),增产潜力较大。根据海原旱作区的育种目标和生产需求,认为CA3-1和对照品种陇藜4号的综合性状较为优异,具有较好的育种和生产应用前景。

关键词:藜麦;新品种(系);海原;旱作区;生态适应性

中图分类号:S512.9        文献标志码:A        文章编号:1001-1463(2021)05-0067-07

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.05.016

Introduction and Evaluation of Six New Quinoa Strains in Haiyuan Dryland Region of Ningxia

LI Chenghu 1, MA Weiliang 2, CUI Jianrong 1, ZHANG Jiwei 3, ZHAO Pengshan 4, CHEN Guoxiong 4

(1. Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Haiyuan County, Haiyuan Ningxia 755299, China;2. Institute of Desertification Control, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan Ningxia 750000, China; 3. Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China; 4. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China)

Abstract:In this paper, with a new quinoa cultivar Longli 4 as the control, the performance of six new quinoa strains introduced in Haiyuan dry farming area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results showed that the six introduced quinoa new lines and the control cultivar Longli 4 could mature normally, the growth period was 110~116 days. There were differences in plant height, panicle shape, grain color, 1000-grain weight, stem folding degree and other traits between Longcheno4 and 6 new strains of quinoa. The yield of new quinoa cultivars(lines) were 3 245.78~7 872.89 kg/hm2, among which CA4-1 had the highest yield of 7 872.89 kg/hm2, 9.4% higher than the control cultivar Longli 4,  the yield increase was extremely significant. CA3-1 has the highest 1000-grain weight(3.64 g) and higher yield potential. According to the breeding objectives and production requirements of Haiyuan dryland area, CA3-1 and control cultivar Longli 4 were considered to have excellent comprehensive traits and good breeding, production and application prospects.

Key words:Chenopodium quinoa;New cultivars(lines);Haiyuan;Dryland areas;Ecological adaptability

在全球氣候变化和人口持续增加的背景下,粮食安全形势日趋严峻。在人类历史进程中约有2 500种植物被部分或完全驯化以作为食物来源[1 ]。然而,当前全球95%的食用能量和蛋白质需求主要是由水稻、小麦和玉米等(<30种)主要农作物承载,粮食供给的同一化程度在不断提高[2 - 4 ]。预计未来全球变暖将会加速,极端天气将会频现,降雨的时空模式将呈现更加的不确定性,主要粮食作物的产量和供给将会受到严重影响[5 - 6 ]。因此,挖掘和发展尚未被有效利用或充分认识的潜势作物对我国北方干旱区粮食安全乃至国民经济可持续发展具有深远意义[3,7 ]。

藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)为苋科藜亚科藜属1年生双子叶草本植物,是一种假谷类作物。早在7 000 a前南美洲安第斯山土著居民就开始驯化其作为主粮作物,其籽粒富含蛋白质、人体必需氨基酸、矿质元素和抗氧化物质,营养均衡,是一种全营养食物[8 - 9 ]。藜麦耐逆性强,联合国将2013年定为“国际藜麦年”,旨在提升藜麦对粮食安全的重要性,目前全球约有100个国家和地区已有种植[10 - 12 ]。我国自1980年代开始引种藜麦,现主要种植在土壤贫瘠或盐碱化以及高海拔和冷凉地区,作为重要扶贫产业获得了大力推广[13 - 15 ]。……

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