杨荣洲 荆彦明 王富胜 汪淑霞 李丽

摘要：研究了不同施氮量和密度对党参产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，不同施氮量和密度对党参一等品和二等品有显著影响。在同一密度下，随着施氮量的增加党参一等品和二等品显著增加，施氮量达到120 kg/hm2时一等品和二等品所占比例最高，党参产量和水分利用效率最大;同一施肥量下，党参一等品和二等品所占比例、产量以及水分利用效率均在密度为80万株/hm2时最高。综上，施氮量为120 kg/hm2，密度為80万株/hm2为试区党参栽培最佳肥密组合。

关键词：党参;施氮量;密度;产量;水分利用效率

中图分类号：S567.23       文献标志码：A        文章编号：1001-1463（2021）05-0063-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.05.015

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Density on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Codonopsis pilosula

YANG Rongzhou， JING Yanming， WANG Fusheng， WANG Shuxia， LI Li

（Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Dingxi Gansu 743000， China）

Abstract：Effects of different N application rates and densities on the yield and water use efficiency of Codonopsis pilosula were studied. The results showed that different N application rates and densities had significant effects on the first and second grade Codonopsis pilosula yield. Under the condition of the same density， with the increase of N application the first and second grade yield of Codonopsis pilosula was the highest， when the N application rate of 120 kg/hm2， The yield and water use efficiency of Codonopsis pilosula were the highest. Under the same application rate， the proportion of the first and second grade products， the yield and the water use efficiency of density Cordonopsis pilosula were the highest when the density was 800 000 plants/hm2. In conclusion， 120 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application and 800，000 plants/hm2 of density are the optimum combination of fertilizer application and density for Codonopsis pilosula cultivation in the test area.

Key words：Codonopsis pilosula;Nitrogen application;Density;Yield;Water use efficiency

党参性平，味甘，无毒，具有补中益气、和胃生津、祛痰止咳等功效，用于治疗脾虚食少便溏、四肢无力、心悸、气短等[1 ]。随着中医药事业的稳步发展，党参的需求量急剧增加[2 ]，保证优质党参的市场供应是推进中医药事业健康发展的必备条件之一。甘肃省定西市地理位置优越，是全国重要的中药材生产加工基地，是中国的“党参之乡”，党参产量占全国的50%，党参的分布范围广，产量和品质受多因素的影响，尤其农艺措施对党参品质和产量的影响不容忽视[3 ]。目前，对党参施肥的研究主要集中于氮磷钾施肥量对党参产量和品质的影响。有研究认为党参生产中应氮磷钾平衡施肥，要注重氮肥与有机肥的平衡施用[4 - 6 ];何春雨等[7 ]研究也表明，氮磷钾平衡施肥对提高党参产量和品质极其重要，合理的施肥和密度是党参优质高产的关键。……