管青霞 李城德 王涵琦

摘要：以马铃薯品种荷兰15为试验材料，研究了小麦秸秆+普通膜、小麦秸秆+降解膜、玉米秸秆+普通膜、玉米秸秆+降解膜4种覆盖材料对耕作层土壤温度变化和产量的影响。结果表明，4个处理的马铃薯出苗率均在91%以上，生长期的温度变化曲线基本一致。小麦秸秆+普通膜的5 cm和10 cm地温低于其余3个处理。玉米秸秆+普通膜产量最高，达到55 300.0 kg/hm2;小麦秸秆+普通膜商品率最高，为87.67%。综合分析，小麦秸秆+普通膜是适合当地一草三膜覆盖马铃薯种植的较为理想的覆盖材料。

关键词：马铃薯;秸秆;地膜;温度;产量

中图分类号：S532        文献标志码：A        文章编号：1001-1463（2021）05-0015-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.05.004

Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Temperature and Potato Yield under One Grass and Three Film Mulching

GUAN Qinxia 1， LI Chengde 2， WANG Hanqi 1

（1. Longxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center， Longxi Gansu 748100， China; 2. Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station， Lanzhou Gansu 730000， China）

Abstract：The potato cultivar Holland 15 was used as the test material， adopt four ways which were wheat straw+common mulching film， wheat straw+degradation film， corn straw+common mulching film， corn straw+degradation film， to studied mulching material on soil temperature change and the effects of yield. The results showed that the emergence rate of the four treatments was above 91%， the temperature change curve of the whole growing period is basically the same. The ground temperature of wheat straw+common mulching film was lower than the other three treatments. The yield of corn straw+common mulching film was the highest， reaching 55 300.0 kg/hm2;the commodity rate of wheat straw+common mulching film was the highest， 87.67%.Based on the comprehensive analysis， wheat straw+common mulching film is an ideal mulching material for potato planting under one grass and three film mulching

Key words：Solanum tuberosum L.;Straw;Film;Temperature;Field

甘肅境内海拔高，气候冷凉，日照充足，雨热同季，昼夜温差大，植物生长期长，秋季雨多正好与马铃薯块茎膨大需水高峰期相吻合。主产区黄土层深厚，土质疏松，土壤富含钾元素，适合马铃薯的生长发育。马铃薯是甘肃省第二大粮食作物，为实现甘肃粮食自给、确保粮食安全做出了重大贡献。目前，关于马铃薯的栽培技术有很多，如旱地秸秆带状覆盖、全膜大垄侧穴播、黑色全膜覆土机械种植等技术[1 - 2 ]，但都是针对马铃薯正常生长期的技术措施。一草三膜覆盖马铃薯种植技术是冬季北方干旱地区利用塑料大棚，在种子上覆盖小麦或玉米秸秆、地膜、二层膜等保温措施，配合滴灌等水肥一体化，6月份实现提早上市的一种马铃薯种植新技术。2017年，陇西县农业技术推广中心结合一草三膜覆盖马铃薯示范基地建设，开展了不同覆盖材料对一草三膜覆盖马铃薯产量和质量的影响试验，以期筛选出北方干旱地区马铃薯一草三膜覆盖最佳栽培模式，为马铃薯产业发展提供技术支撑。……