湖南泸溪县油茶低产林带状更新改造对策
2021-06-17李志英谭子幼
李志英 谭子幼
摘 要: 简述泸溪县油茶产业基本情况,介绍油茶低产林现状及改造的几种方式,重点分析了低产林带状更新改造的技术方法、改造前景、优势。指出了实施中存在的老油茶树“惜砍”、林地坡度大选地难、缺乏劳动力等问题。从政策宣传、示范带动、方法创新等方面提出了对策和方法。
关键词: 泸溪县;油茶低产林;带状更新;对策建议
中图分类号:S794.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3020(2021)02-0034-03
Renovation Countermeasures of Lowyield Camellia oleifera forest in Luxi County in Human Province
Li Zhiying(1) Tan Ziyou(1,2)
(1.Luxi County Natural Resource Breau Luxi 416100;
2.Luxi County Forestry Comprehensive Service Center Luxi 416100)
Abstract:
The basic situation of C.oleifera industry in Luxi County was briefly described,and the current situation and several ways of tras formation of C.oleifera low-yield forest were introduced.The technical methods,transformation prospects and adrantages of belt regeneration and transformation of low-yield forest were emphatically analyzed.It pointed out the problems in the implementation,such as the “reluctant cutting” of the old oil tea tree,the diffculty of lorest land slope election and the lack of labor force.Countermeasures and methods are proposed from the aspects of policy publicity,demonstration and promotion,and method innovation.
Key words: Luxi County;low-yield forest of C.oleifera;belt regeneration;suggestions
泸溪县位于湖南省西部,湘西土家族苗族自治州南端,沅水流域中游,总面积1 565 km2,下辖11个乡镇147个村(社区),人口32万[1],其中少数民族苗族、土家族等人口比例达60%。全县林业用地占总面积近80%,属于典型的山区县、林业县。境内以低山地貌为主,气候湿润,雨水充沛,物产丰富,四季分明。县境内大部分土壤成土母岩以紫色砂页岩为主,土层瘠薄,质地疏松,抗蚀、保土、保肥性能差,但易熟化和培肥,适合多种林木生长,如马尾松Pinus massoniana、湿地松pinus elliottii、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata、麻栎Quercus acutissima、白栎Quercus fabri、桤木Alnus cremastogyne、柏木Cupressus funebris、枫香Liquidambar formosana、椪柑Citrus reticulata、板栗Castanea mollissima、油茶Camellia oleifera、油桐Vernicia fordii等生态用材林树种和经济林树种。
泸溪县是油茶的传统产区,湖南省油茶大县和油茶老区,也是湘西自治州3个国家油茶产业发展重点县之一(其它2个县为永顺县、花垣县)。上世纪60年代湖南省林业厅曾在该县合水镇横坡村设立了全省第一个农村油茶科技研究所。泸溪油茶栽培历史悠久,经营管理基础良好,作为湖南省48个油茶重点县之一,油茶面积最高时达到14 600 hm2[2],州内仅次于永顺县。据2020年3月全州油茶产业普查统计,泸溪县油茶总面积6 861.8 hm2,其中新造林面积(主要指2011年后油茶造林)1 017.3 hm2,老油茶林面積5 844.5 hm2。……
