崔同华

摘 要：土壤是农作物生长的立地基础，对土壤的实际肥力进行全面客观的了解，可以促进肥料的合理施用、土壤养分的有效管理，最终实现农业资源的可持续发展。该研究以北京市平谷区为对象，经过实地调研，确定以土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾作为土壤肥力指标，对土壤肥力进行了多角度分析。结果表明：（1）研究区土壤有机质和全氮在空间上呈北部高、南部较低的变化趋势，速效钾含量在全区均较高，有效磷在重点区含量较高;（2）土壤肥力在土壤剖面中呈现自上而下逐渐递减的规律;（3）全区只有少部分地区存在缺磷限制型耕地;（4）根据研究区大量土壤数据资料，建立耕地质量管理信息系统，可为农业科技人员数据管理和决策提供有力的工具。

关键词：土壤肥力;空间变异;平谷区

中图分类号 S158文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）10-0089-08

Spatial Characteristics  and Improvement Strategies of Cultivated Land Fertility

CUI Tonghua

（Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Pinggu District， Beijing 101200， China）

Abstract： Soil is the site foundation of crop growth. A comprehensive and objective understanding of the actual fertility of soil can promote the rational application of fertilizer and the effective management of soil nutrients， and finally realize the sustainable development of agricultural resources. Taking Pinggu District of Beijing as the research object， this paper established soil organic matter， total nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium as soil fertility indexes through field investigation， and carried out multi-angle analysis on soil fertility. Result display：（1） Soil organic matter and total nitrogen in the study area were higher in the north and lower in the south. The content of available potassium was higher in the whole area， and the content of available phosphorus was higher in the key areas;（2） Soil fertility gradually decreases from top to bottom in the soil profile;（3） Only a small part of the whole region has phosphorus deficiency restricted cultivated land;（4） Based on a large amount of soil data in the study area， the cultivated land quality management information system is established to provide a powerful tool for data management and decision-making of agricultural scientists and technicians.

Key words： Soil fertility; Spatial variation; Pinggu district

1 引言

耕地是人类赖以生存的基本资源和条件。耕地除了具备提供粮食、蔬菜、水果等农产品的生产功能外，还具有净化空气、涵养水源、调节气候、防止水土流失、维护生物多样性等生态系统服务功能[1]。耕地质量的好坏不仅决定于耕地生产能力的高低，也包括其维持生态系统和动植物健康而不发生土壤退化以及其他生态环境问题的能力[2-5]。由于长期受到工业污染的影响以及过量施用化肥、农药、抗生素等不合理的生产方式，我国耕地污染呈日益加剧的趋势，耕地质量问题日益突出，区域性耕地退化日趋严重。……