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基于ISO 25239-4标准搅拌摩擦焊工艺评定的应用

2021-06-16赵海燕冯宽张楠邓义刚

机械制造文摘·焊接分册 2021年2期
关键词:工艺标准检测

赵海燕 冯宽 张楠 邓义刚

摘要: 文中以高速动车组车钩面板搅拌摩擦焊为例,按ISO 25239-4标准进行焊接工艺评定,在制定pWPS时应选择与实际产品相匹配的接头形式、母材组别及母材厚度。焊后按标准进行外观检验、拉伸试验、弯曲试验、宏观试验,合格后出具WPQR,并以此为依据颁布用于生产的WPS。ISO 25239-4标准中无母材、接头类型及厚度的覆盖范围,实际生产时严格按照WPS中的各项参数进行焊接。WPS中的参数有任何变化需重新进行焊接工艺评定。

关键词: 铝合金; 搅拌摩擦焊; ISO 25239-4; 焊接工艺评定

中图分类号: TG 47

Application of procedure qualification for friction stir welding based on ISO 25239-4

Zhao Haiyan, Feng Kuan, Zhang Nan, Deng Yigang

(Harbin Welding Training Institute, Harbin 150046, Heilongjiang, China)

Abstract: In this article, the friction stir welding of the coupler panel of the high-speed EMU was taken as an example. The welding procedure was qualified according to ISO 25239-4 standard. When preparing the pWPS, the joint form, base material group and base material thickness should be selected to match the actual product. After welding, the visual test, tensile test, bending test and macroscopic test were carried out according to the standard, and WPQR was issued after meeting the standard, and WPS for production was issued based on this. There was no coverage range of base material, joint type, or thickness in ISO 25239-4 standard. In actual production, welding was carried out in strict accordance with the parameters in WPS. A new welding procedure qualification must be carried out for any changes to the parameters in WPS.

Key words:  aluminum alloy;  friction stir welding;  ISO 25239-4;  welding procedure qualification

0 前言

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction stir welding, FSW)是英國焊接研究所于1991年发明的一项固态连接技术[1]。与传统熔焊相比,搅拌摩擦焊在焊接时无焊接烟尘、无污染、热输入低、变形量小、易实现自动化等优点,已成功应用于航空航天、船舶工业、汽车领域、轨道交通等领域[2-3]。特别是在轨道交通领域,搅拌摩擦焊已大量应用于车体及各组成部件,如地铁地板,轻轨侧墙、车顶、裙板,高速列车车钩座板[4]等,涉及到的材料有5系、6系、7系铝合金[5]。

任何一种焊接方法在应用于生产时必须有合理的焊接工艺规程(Welding procedure specification,  WPS)指导焊接生产,保证焊接产品质量。在编制WPS之前,焊接工艺需经过工艺验证,以确保焊接接头性能能够满足设计规范或生产需求。焊接工艺评定(Welding procedure qualification, WPQ)就是验证焊接工艺的合理性,是对焊接工艺的综合评判,也是评价焊接企业能否生产出符合相应规范的焊接接头的重要依据[6-7]。进行焊接工艺评定时,企业可自行按照标准或规范出具焊接工艺评定报告(Welding procedure qualification record, WPQR),也可找第三方独立机构出具WPQR。……

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