孔祥飞 王路 乔旭

摘要 利用氮化铝材料的高导热的特性，采用造孔剂法烧制出多孔氮化铝材料，再采用真空吸附法吸附正十八烷相变材料制备正十八烷/氮化铝复合相变材料。采用扩散-渗出圈法确定出烧制多孔氮化铝材料所需粉料的最佳配比，并对正十八烷/氮化铝复合相变材料进行了DSC、SEM、FT-IR、TG及导热系数测试。结果表明：粉料中氮化铝含量为50%，造孔剂含量为30%是最佳配比量，烧制出来的多孔氮化铝材料不易坍塌，且吸附率为42.92%;多孔氮化铝材料内部的孔隙完全被正十八烷填满，没有多余的孔隙;复合相变材料具有良好的化学稳定性和热稳定性;复合相变材料的导热系数为2.031 W/（m?K），具有良好的导热性。因此，制备的正十八烷/氮化铝复合相变材料应用于建筑内部，具有良好的节能性。

关 键 词 复合相变材料;氮化铝;造孔剂;正十八烷;真空吸附

中图分类号 TB34     文献标志码 A

Abstract The porous aluminum nitride material was prepared via the pore-forming method by utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum nitride material， vacuum adsorption method was adopted to combine porous aluminum nitride and n-octadecane into n-octadecane/aluminum nitride composite phase change material. The optimal ratio of powder required for firing porous aluminum nitride material was determined by diffusion-oozing circle test， a series of tests contain DSC， SEM， FT-IR， TG and thermal conductivity were carried to investigate the performance of n-octadecane/alumminum nitride composite phase change material . The results show that with the content of aluminum nitride and pore former is 50% and 30%，respectively. The fired porous aluminum nitride material is not easy to collapse， the adsorption amount is 42.92%; the pores inside the aluminum nitride material are all filled with n-octadecane; the composite phase change material has good chemical and thermal stability; the composite phase change material has a high thermal conductivity with the value of 2.031 W/（m?K） . Therefore， the prepared n-octadecane/aluminum nitride composite phase change material can be applied to the interior of the building and will greatly decrease energy consumption.

Key words composite phase change material; aluminum nitride; pore former; n-octadecane; vacuum adsorption

0 引言

随着社会经济水平的不断提高，人们对居住环境的热舒适要求也在逐渐提高，致使建筑能耗不断提高[1-2]。因此，提高室内舒适性和降低建筑能耗成为人们越来越关注的问题[3]。目前，相变材料在建筑围护结构中的应用较为广泛，利用相变材料蓄放热特性，与可再生能源相结合，可以有效地降低建筑能耗，起到建筑节能的作用[4-6]。然而，在实际应用过程中，有机相变材料因为相态转变的原因，使得难以直接应用到建筑围护结构中，同时有机相变材料导热性差，使得蓄热量利用率低[7]。……