危险品运输车辆路径优化问题研究综述
2021-06-15王能民张萌何正文
王能民 张萌 何正文



摘要 危险品运输是社会关注的热点之一,危险品运输车辆路径优化也是重要的研究问题。本文对现有相关研究进行整理和分类,梳理危险品运输车辆路径优化问题的研究进展。首先将危险品运输车辆路径优化研究分为4类,即单目标危险品运输路径选择研究、多目标危险品运输路径选择研究、单目标危险品运输车辆路径问题研究、多目标危险品运输车辆路径问题研究;进而分别在每类研究中梳理了从特殊约束条件、特殊风险度量、特殊网络、特殊运输条件等角度入手的研究工作,并分析了各研究的研究特色、求解方法和适用性。最后,在整理相关研究优缺点的基础上,分析了现有研究可改进和完善的内容,总结了未来研究的趋势和重要方向。
关 键 词 危险品运输;路径选择;车辆路径问题;多目标优化;综述
中图分类号 U492.81 文献标志码 A
Abstract Hazardous materials transportation is a focus of the public and vehicle routing optimization for hazardous materials transportation is a significant research problem. This paper sorts out and classifies the existing related researches, reviews the research progress of vehicle routing optimization for hazardous materials transportation. Firstly, the researches on vehicle routing optimization for hazardous materials transportation are divided into four categories: single-objective route selection, multi-objective route selection, single-objective vehicle routing problem and multi-objective vehicle routing problem. Then, the research works from the perspectives of special constraints, special risk measurements, special networks and special transportation conditions are sorted out in each category. And the research characteristics, solution methods and applicability of each research are analyzed. Finally, on the basis of sorting out the advantages and disadvantages of each research, the contents that can be improved and perfected are analyzed, and the future research trends and important directions are summarized.
Key words hazardous materials transportation; route selection; vehicle routing problem; multi-objective optimization; review
0 引言
随着经济快速发展,危险品运输活动日益增多。我国危险品运量占公路运输总量的30%以上且呈现上升趋势,2017年运输量已超过16 亿t,实现大于10%的年增长[1]。危险品指易燃易爆品、危险化学品、放射性物品等能够危及人身和财产安全的物品,一旦在运输过程中发生事故会产生严重的危害。我国危险品运输事故层出不穷,例如2012年包茂高速8.26事故、2014年晋济高速3.1事故、2015年荣乌高速1.16事故等。发达国家也面临危险品运输风险的威胁,根据美国交通部统计,近5年来美国每年发生危险品运输事故上万次,伤亡数百人并造成数千万美元的经济损失,如表1所示。……
