何静飞 张潇月 周亚同

摘要 随物联网战略地位和影响力的不断提升，无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks， WSNs）作为物联网核心技术之一，迎来了一场新的研究热潮。如何降低网络能耗，延长网络生命周期一直是WSNs研究的关键问题。近年来，随压缩感知及低秩理论的提出，基于数据稀疏表示的WSNs数据汇聚方法受到广泛关注。利用WSNs数据的高度时空冗余特性，可有效降低数据传输量，降低网络能耗。本文从几个方面介绍现有基于数据稀疏表示的WSNs数据汇聚方法：首先，介绍压缩感知理论模型及压缩数据汇聚框架，分别从稠密随机投影和稀疏随机投影角度介绍基于压缩感知的数据汇聚方法;然后，介绍矩阵补全理论模型和基于矩阵补全的数据汇聚及重建方法;最后，提出无线传感器网络数据汇聚存在的问题和对未来研究趋势的展望。

关 键 词 无线传感器网络;稀疏表示;压缩感知;矩阵补全;数据收集;时空相关性

中图分类号 TP212.9;TN929.5     文献标志码 A

Abstract With continuous improving of the strategic position and influence of Internet of Things， Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs）， as one of the core technologies of Internet of Things， has become a research focus. So how to reduce the network energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime has been a key research issue in WSNs. Recently， with the development of compressed sensing and low rank theory， the data aggregation method based on sparse representation in WSNs has attracted much attention. By exploiting the high spatiotemporal redundancy of WSNs data， the amount of data transmitted is effectively reduced and network energy consumption is reduced. This paper introduces the existing data aggregation methods of WSNs based on sparse representation. First， compressed sensing model and compressed data collection framework are introduced. Specifically， data aggregation methods based on compressed sensing are introduced from the perspectives of dense random projection and sparse random projection. Then matrix completion model and data aggregation and reconstruction methods based on matrix completion are discussed. Finally， the existing problems of data aggregation in WSNs and the prospect of future research are mentioned.

Key words wireless sensor network; sparse representation; compressed sensing; matrix completion; data gathering; spatio-temporal correlation

0 引言

能量消耗是無线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks， WSNs）[1]中最为重要的问题。随着压缩感知和低秩理论的提出，基于稀疏表示的WSNs数据汇聚方法受到科研人员的广泛关注。通过利用WSNs数据的高度时空冗余性来有效降低数据传输量，基于稀疏表示的WSNs数据汇聚方法取得了巨大的成果。鉴于此，本文系统的对基于稀疏表示的WSNs数据汇聚方法进行分类介绍。

1 介绍

伴随着信息时代的到来，物联网（Internet of Things， IoT）[2]这一新兴信息产业迎来了发展的热潮，并逐渐改变着人们的生活方式。……