新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病神经标志物研究进展
2021-06-02穆艳顺
穆艳顺
【摘要】 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病是造成新生儿致残及死亡的主要原因之一。随着新生儿急救水平的发展,新生儿缺氧性脑病患儿存活率显著提高。然而,新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病易导致神经系统发育障碍如脑瘫、癫痫及发育迟缓等,给患儿及其家庭、社会造成沉重负担。目前新生儿缺氧性脑病的各类检测方法都有优缺点,有部分患儿神经影像学检查无异常,却发展为脑瘫。因此,需要有更为敏感及特异度高的神经标志物来指导临床。为了更好地运用这些神经标志物对临床做指导,本研究将把神经标志物在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病诊断的应用进行综述。
【关键词】 新生儿 缺氧缺血性脑病 神经标志物
[Abstract] Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is still one of the main causes of neonatal disability and death. With the development of the level of first aid for newborns, the survival rate of newborns with brain injury has been significantly improved. At the same time, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy can easily lead to nervous system development disorders such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy and growth retardation, which cause serious burden to the children, their families and society. At present, all kinds of detection methods of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy have their advantages and disadvantages, some children have no abnormal neuroimaging examination, but develop into children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, more sensitive and specific nerve markers are needed to guide clinical practice. In order to better use these nerve markers for clinical guidance, this study will elaborate the application of nerve markers in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
[Key words] Neonatal Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Neuro markers
First-authors address: The General Hospital of the North China Petroleum Administration, Renqiu 062552, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.11.046
新生兒缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)是新生儿期常见疾病,是导致新生儿死亡和儿童神经系统功能障碍的主要原因。每年有0.1%~0.4%足月新生儿会受窒息及其HIE的影响[1]。新生儿窒息后神经能量在6~100 h内会减少。这种能量的消耗可诱导神经细胞凋亡,从而导致脑神经损伤。在脑损伤期间,不同的细胞内机制被激活,导致神经胶质增生、持续性炎症受体激活和表观遗传变化。上述病理生理阶段的综合作用,最终导致脑细胞死亡[2]。脑损伤的严重程度和时间,以及大脑成熟度是决定脑损伤严重程度的重要因素。34周以下早产儿是发生脑损伤的高危年龄,容易遗留神经系统后遗症。原因是在这个阶段脑组织体积、结构和功能的生长处于最高峰[3]。在新生儿脑损伤患者中,记忆和视觉感知功能障碍,容易导致患儿发育迟缓和入学时间延迟。……
