乡村振兴战略下乡村教师队伍建设困境与对策
2021-05-29李银凤
李银凤
摘 要 2020年10月26号召开的十九届五中全会提出,要走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路。乡村教育振兴是乡村振兴的重要内容,但乡村教师数量不能满足乡村学校的需要、教師学历层次较低和教师服务乡村教育意识不强是乡村教育普遍存在的问题。而抓住乡村振兴战略的机遇,加大国家对乡村教育的支持力度、形成尊师重教的氛围、转变教师培训方式并借鉴“为美国而教”的经验对改进乡村教师队伍至关重要。
关键词 乡村振兴战略 教师队伍 教师补充
中图分类号:G451 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2021.03.023
Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Teacher Team Construction under the Rural Revitalization Strategy
LI Yinfeng
(School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000)
Abstract The Fifth Plenum of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held on October 26, 2020, put forward that we should take the road of rural revitalization of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Rural education revitalization is an important part of rural revitalization. However, there are some common problems in rural education, for example, the number of rural teachers cannot meet the needs of rural schools, teachers' education background is not that good and teachers' awareness of serving rural education is not strong. It is very important to seize the opportunity of rural revitalization strategy, increase national support for rural education, form an atmosphere of respecting teachers and valuing education, transform teacher training methods and learn from the experience of "Teach for America" to improve the level of rural teacher team.
Keywords rural revitalization strategy; teacher team; teacher complementary
1 回顾:乡村教师队伍建设所面临的困境
1.1 教师数量不足
《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》中提出发展乡村教育事业、推进义务教育的均衡发展是乡村振兴战略的重点。[1]但是我国的乡村教师数量却面临着严重不足,乡村教师只占教师总量的四分之一左右。据教育部统计,2018年全国学前教育和义务教育阶段的教师数量为1131万人,然而其中乡村教师300万人不到,只有290多万人。[2]乡村教师匮乏程度可见一斑,而在一些中西部偏远乡村地区,教师则更加缺乏,影响了教育教育活动的正常进行。乡村教师缺乏不仅关系到乡村教育的发展,甚至对乡村振兴战略目标能否实现有重要影响。
1.2 教师结构不平衡
除了数量上的问题,乡村教师的结构也存在着很大的不平衡。近日,媒体报道信阳某乡村小学由于缺少英语老师,学生只发书3年不开英语课,这条新闻引起了社会的广泛关注,然而在乡村地区,这并不是一个偶然事件,而是我国大部分乡村地区教育的一个缩影。……
