潘盼 王立新 闫征

摘 要：医用注射针是现代医疗诊治过程中的常用器械，但注射针头刺穿皮肤时产生的疼痛感会给患者带来严重不适，国内外学者就如何减轻注射过程对人体造成的疼痛感开展了广泛研究。蚊子、蝉、蜜蜂等昆虫的刺吸式口器因具有低阻力刺入动植物表皮的功能，已被视为仿生原型用于研制无痛注射针头。从注射针头刺穿皮肤疼痛的产生机制入手，概述了疼痛测量方法以及仿生原型刺入机理，重点分析了低阻力医用注射针头的减阻机理，介绍了微针阵列在材料选择与制备方面的研究状况，展望了低阻力医用注射针头研制的应用前景，指出未来在仿生无痛注射针的制备中，应基于高精度3D打印技术和激光微纳加工技术，获取加工精度更高的仿生无痛注射针头。

关键词：仿生工程;仿生原型;无痛注射针头;微针阵列;低阻力医用缝合针

中图分类号：TB17 文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx02002

Research progress of bionic painless injection needle

PAN Pan，WANG Lixin，YAN Zheng

（School of Mechanical Engineering， Hebei University of Science and Technology， Shijiazhuang， Hebei 050018， China）

Abstract：Medical needle injection is a commonly used treatment method in modern medical treatment. However， the pain caused by skin irritation in the injection process brings out severe discomfort. In this regard， scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive studies to reduce the pain caused by needle injection. Insects， including mosquitoes， cicadas and bees， have the function of easily piercing the skin of animals and plants， which have been regarded as bionic prototypes for development of painless injection needles. Starting from the mechanism of pain generation when the injection needle pierces the skin， the measurement methods of pain perception and the bionic mechanism of bionic prototype were summarized; the bionic mechanism of low resistance suture needle was mainly analyzed， and research status of the microneedle array material selection and preparation was introduced; the application prospect of painless injection needle in low resistance suture needle was analyzed. Meanwhile， it was pointed out that the future research should focus on the application of high-precision 3D printing technology and laser micro processing technology in the preparation of bionic painless injection needles， so as to obtain the preparation technology with precise processing accuracy.

Keywords：

bionicengineering; biomimetic prototype; painless injectionneedle; microneedles array; medical suture needle of low resistance

在人類疾病诊疗过程中，医疗器械起到了至关重要的作用，因可以弥补医护人员能力的局限性而成为疾病诊疗的重要工具，注射器就是一种使用广泛的医疗器具。注射给药对于很多患者尤其儿童是一个痛苦的过程，疼痛会导致患者恐惧甚至逃避注射治疗。为减少患者痛苦并提高治疗效果，无痛注射技术研究的开展显得尤为重要[1-2]。

生物在进化过程中不断优化自身结构及表面组织以适应环境变化，因此生物成为人类研究模仿的对象，仿生学应运而生[3-4]。……