吴学礼 闫枫 甄然 武晓晶 孟凡华

摘 要：针对探地雷达原始图像中存在着大量以地表直达波为主的杂波噪声干扰问题，为了有效提取目标信号，提出了一种基于小波变换和K-Means奇异值分解的自适应双边滤波方法。将原始雷达数据进行小波分解，并应用K-SVD算法变换稀疏编码和更新原子，用更新后的稀疏系数和字典重构小块，将小块进行小波逆变换重构图像，然后对重构图像进行自适应双边滤波得到处理后的图像，以实现小波变换、K-SVD算法和自适应双边滤波方法的优势互补。与其他方法进行对比的结果表明，所提出的方法具有良好的杂波抑制效果，在峰值信噪比和目标图像熵上性能更好。研究结果在实际雷达勘测任务中具有一定的应用价值。

关键词：雷达工程;探地雷达;杂波抑制;小波变换;奇异值分解;自适应双边滤波

中图分类号：TP751;P631.8 文献标识码：A

doi：10.7535/hbkd.2021yx02003

Research on adaptive clutter suppression for ground penetrating radar based on wavelet transform and K-SVD

WU Xueli1，2，YAN Feng1，ZHEN Ran1，WU Xiaojing1，MENG Fanhua1

（1.School of Electrical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China; 2.Hebei Provincial Research Center for Technologies in Process Engineering Automation，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China）

Abstract：Aiming at the large amount of clutter and noise interference（mainly direct waves on the surface） in the original image of ground penetrating radar，an adaptive bilateral filtering method based on wavelet transform and K-Means singular value decomposition was proposed in order to effectively extract the target signal.The original radar data was decomposed by wavelet，and then the decomposed data was sparsely coded by K-SVD transform and updated atoms.The updated sparse coefficients and dictionary were used to reconstruct small blocks，and the small blocks were subjected to inverse wavelet transform to reconstruct the image.The reconstructed image was processed by adaptive bilateral filtering to obtain the processed image，so as to realize the complementary advantages of wavelet transform，K-SVD algorithm and adaptive bilateral filtering method.Compared with other methods，the experimental results show that the proposed method has a good clutter suppression effect and better performance in peak signal-to-noise ratio and target image entropy.The research results have certain application value in the actual radar survey tasks.

Keywords：

radar engineering; ground penetrating radar（GPR）; clutter suppression; wavelet transform; singular value decomposition （SVD）; adaptive bilateral filtering

探地雷達（ground penetrating radar，GPR）是近些年发展起来的一种探测地下目标的有效工具，通过从天线发射无线电波并获取从地下异常或掩埋物体反射的回波来探测地下[1]。其能够利用被测区域地下物质的介电性、导磁性不同，根据接收电磁波的动力学和运动学等特征，推断地下介质和目标的结构以及分布特性，从而实现地下检测目标的成像及定位。与其他常规地下探测工具相比，GPR以快速性、高效率、无损直观以及高分辨率等优点在探测工程隐患方面得到了广泛应用及认可[2]。例如在公路工程方面，利用探地雷达可以检测出潜藏于道路下方的空洞危险，以防止发生严重的道路坍塌事故[3]。……