19世纪竹柄丝绸伞
2021-05-18陈娜陈诺
陈娜 陈诺

Umbrellas have a long history of thousands of years in China. There were initially feather umbrellas, silk umbrellas and umbrellas made of cotton cloth and bamboo split. After the invention of paper in the Han Dynasty, paper was used as an umbrella surface material. In the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, paper was painted with tung oil so that oil-paper umbrella was invented. Oil-paper umbrellas are very popular in China, which were introduced to Korea and Japan in the Tang Dynasty. In the 16th century, oil-paper umbrellas were introduced to the West and exerted significant impacts on the lives of Westerners. It can be said that an umbrella, to some extent, can also epitomize the cultural exchanges between China and the West.
伞在中国已有数千年的历史,最初有羽毛伞、绢伞以及棉布、竹篾的伞等。汉代发明纸以后,纸就被用作伞面材料,到了魏晋南北朝时期,纸面刷上桐油,油纸伞便诞生了。油纸伞在中国非常流行,唐代时就传入朝鲜和日本,并在日本得以发扬;到16世纪时,油纸伞传入西方,对西方人的生活产生了一定影响。可以说,伞在某种程度上也可以体现中西之间的文化交流。中国伞博物馆收藏有一件19世纪的竹柄丝绸伞,通过这件伞,我们窥见中西之间的一些交流痕迹。
竹柄丝绸伞长105厘米,伞面半径54厘米,整体造型细长秀丽。伞面为米白素色丝绸,伞顶有装饰性丝质褶皱,伞杆竹质,柄部是竹根的部位,底端有银质的浮雕嵌套,上面雕刻有图案。此件伞的伞骨架是弧形钢质伞骨,有8根长骨。
伞主要是用于遮阳的,我们也可以称之为阳伞。从该伞的伞面、伞杆的材质和装饰图案来说,具有中式风格因素,不过伞骨架、伞杆和伞面的长度比例以及风格却是西式的。
首先来看这件阳伞的伞面。此伞的伞面是丝绸,丝绸是我们中国的大宗产品,很早的时候就远销欧美,且深受西方人的喜爱。西方人用丝绸做服装、床品,墙纸以及扇面等,种类繁多。其实在18世纪以后,西方人的阳伞上也常用丝绸做伞面,尤其在维多利亚时代,丝绸伞面的高级阳伞层出不穷,维多利亚女王也在广州定制阳伞,有一件英国维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆收藏的外销伞的伞面就是采用中国的丝绸按照英式花朵图案刺绣的。……
