顾少涵

摘要：设置NaCl浓度为0、25、50、100 mmol/L，研究盐胁迫对番茄种子萌发及胚根生长的影响。结果表明，随着NaCl浓度的增加，种子发芽率、发芽势、胚根长度总体呈下降趋势，不同番茄品种耐盐性表现不同。当NaCl浓度为50 mmol/L时，浙粉202各项指标下降最为明显;在100 mmol/L处理条件下，除上海906外，其余品种几乎不发芽。综合各因素，上海906在盐胁迫下耐受性最好，浙粉202相对较差，浙樱粉1号和红圣女处于两者之间。

关键词：番茄;NaCl胁迫;耐盐性;种子萌发

中图分类号：S641.2         文献标志码：A          文章编号：1001-1463（2021）04-0061-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.04.015

Effects of Substrate on Production of Virus-free Potato of Pre-elite Seed

Dawapuchi， ZHANG Yanli

（Shigatse Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Tibet， Rikaze Tibet 857000， China）

Abstract：The effect of different cultivation substrates on the production of Xizang virus-free potato was studied with “Emma potato 2” potato virus-free test tube seedling as the test material. The results showed that when the mixture of wood chips， sheep dung and vermiculite by volume ratio of 2∶1∶1 was used as culture substrate， the number of tuber per plant of the virus-free potato of pre-elite seed was the highest（2.93）， which was 0.30 grains more than that of the control （vermiculite was used as culture substrate alone）. The qualified rate of seed tuber per plant was 78.5%， which was 1.0 percentage point lower than the control. The average number of seeds of the pre-elite seed potato was the highest in the plot， which were 310.63 seeds/1.2 m2， 12.09 grains/ 1.2 m2 more than the control. The average qualified rate of the pre-original seed potato was 78.4%， which was only 0.1 percentage point lower than the control. The plant height， stem diameter and number of leaves were 41.3 cm， 3.34 mm and 8.9 pieces， respectively. It is suggested that the mixture of sawdust， sheep dung and vermiculite by volume ratio of 2∶1∶1 was used in the production of virus-free potato of pre-elite seed in Xizang area.

Key words：Virus-free potato of pre-original seed;Culture substrate;Wood chips;Production;Tibet

土壤鹽渍化已成为影响农业生产和生态环境的全球性问题。土壤盐渍化影响世界上20%的可用耕地，是作物减产的重要因素之一。我国是土壤盐渍化比较严重的国家，盐渍土总面积约36 00 万hm2，占可利用土地面积的4.88%[1 ]。 番茄属于中度盐敏感植物，也是目前设施栽培面积最大的蔬菜品种之一。设施栽培常处于封闭或半封闭状态，生产中不合理的灌溉和施肥方式使得土壤次生盐渍化问题逐渐加重[2 ]。盐分胁迫明显抑制植株在苗期和成熟期对氮、磷、钾元素的吸收积累，影响养分的运移，进而显著影响作物生育进程，导致番茄等设施蔬菜产量和品质的下降。

不同作物或同一作物不同品种之间的耐盐性存在显著差异[3 - 4 ]，挖掘作物本身耐盐能力是筛选和培育耐盐番茄品种的经济有效途径。作物在种子萌发期和幼苗期对盐分最敏感[5 ]，根据种子在盐胁迫条件下的发芽能力来鉴定材料的耐盐性不仅简单、可靠而且周期短。……