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基于威布尔分布的改良品质押融资质押率决策研究

2021-05-12秦滢张云丰

物流科技 2021年10期

秦滢 张云丰

摘  要:存货质押融资业务的广泛开展能够有效缓解中小微企业普遍存在的融资难问题。文章以改良品作为质押对象,考虑改良品在质押期间的改良率服从两参数威布尔分布,讨论金融机构视角下的改良品质押率最优决策。通过构建金融机构的期望收益函数,求解最优质押率的一般表达式,分析最优质押率与其主要影响参数的相关关系。研究结果表明,最优质押率随市场需求的增加而增加,随存款利率的增大而减小,随贷款利率的增大呈现先增加后减小的特征。最后,给出一个数值算例并结合敏感性分析对文中结论进行验证。

关键词:存货质押融资;改良品;威布尔分布;质押率

中图分类号:F275.6    文献标识码:A

Abstract: The extensive development of inventory financing business can effectively alleviate the financing difficulties prevalent in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper takes the ameliorating items as pledge object, considers that the ameliorating rate is subject to two-parameter Weibull distribution during the pledge, and discusses the optimal decision of pledge rate for the ameliorating items from the perspective of financial institutions. By constructing the expected return function of financial institutions, the article solves the general expression of the optimal pledge rate, and analyzes the correlation between the optimal pledge rate and its main influencing parameters. The results show that the optimal pledge ratio increases with the increase of market demand, decreases with the increase of deposit interest rate, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of loan interest rate. Finally, a numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to verify the conclusion.

Key words: inventory financing; amelioration items; Weibull distribution; pledge rate

0  引  言

融資难问题一直是我国中小微企业发展壮大过程中的拦路虎。受制于固定资产抵押不足、自身信用评级偏低、缺乏第三方担保及银行等金融机构“傍大款”等因素影响,中小微企业一般很难直接从金融机构获得贷款。存货质押融资业务的兴起,为解决中小微企业融资难提供了新的思路。与传统抵押贷款相比,存货质押融资不需要以固定资产和设备作为贷款抵押,只需要向金融机构提供库存产品,并将质押物交给金融机构指定物流企业进行保管,就可以贷到所需款项[1]。对于固定资产抵押不足、存货相对丰富的中小微企业来说,存货质押融资是较为合适的融资方式。

存货质押融资业务开展初期,质押物多选择质地稳定,市场价格波动小,大宗货物变现能力强的工业原料和大量消费产品,后来随着业务的逐步成熟,用于充当质押物的物品种类逐步扩大[2]。……

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