43份甘肃胡麻资源的脂肪及脂肪酸组成分析
2021-05-11李晓蓉黄铮徐美蓉李婷焦洁赵玮
李晓蓉 黄铮 徐美蓉 李婷 焦洁 赵玮



摘要:对甘肃地区43份胡麻资源的粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸各组分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,来自甘肃地区的43份胡麻资源粗脂肪含量的变化范围为33.46~416.80 g/kg,平均含量为207.72 g/kg,变异系数为86.96%。其棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸的平均含量分别为58.60、49.80、272.80、144.80、478.30 g/kg,各指标变异系数的变化范围为11.55%~98.10%,其中以硬脂酸的变异系数最大,亚麻酸的变异系数最小。综合分析认为,胡麻中的脂肪酸含量由高到低依次为亚麻酸、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,变异系数由高到低依次为硬脂酸、粗脂肪、油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸。
关键词:胡麻;脂肪;脂肪酸;组成分析;甘肃地区
中图分类号:S563.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)02-0025-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.02.007
Analysis of Composition of Fat and Fatty Acid 43 Flax Resources from Gansu Province
LI Xiaorong 1,2, HUANG Zheng 1,2, XU Meirong 1,2 LI Ting 1,2, JIAO Jie 1,2, ZHAO Wei 3
(1. Animal Husbandry, Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2. Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China;3. Institute of Crops, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu, 730070, China)
Abstract:The crude fat content and fatty acid component content of 43 flax resources in Gansu region were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the range of variation in crude fat content was from 33.46 g/kg to 416.80 g/kg, the average value was 207.72 g/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 86.96%. The average contents of the palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were 58.60, 49.80, 272.80, 144.80 and 478.30 g/kg, respectively. The range of variationof the unsaturated fatty acid was from 11.55% to 98.1% with the largest variation coefficient in stearic acid and the smallest one in linolenic acid. According to comprehensive analysis, the fatty acid content from high to low in turn for linolenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, coefficient of variation from high to low in turn for crude fat, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
Key words:Flax;Fat;Fatty acid;Composition analysis;Gansu region
胡麻(Linumusitatissimum L.)是我國西北和华北地区重要的特色油料作物。近年来,随着人民健康意识的增强和胡麻油营养成分的开发,胡麻油的保健作用越来越受到重视。胡麻油中脂肪酸含量高达 99.91%[1 ],主要包括棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等5种脂肪酸。其中不饱和脂肪酸含量接近 90%,具有降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯、调节心脏功能、改善血液微循环、提高脑细胞的活性、增强记忆力和人体防御系统的功能等作用[2 ],其功能是其他脂肪酸所无法取代的。最重要的是,胡麻油中的α-亚麻酸含量高达 57%[3 ],是植物中α-亚麻酸的主要来源之一,有“植物中的深海鱼油”的美称。胡麻油含有丰富的亚麻酸和各种不饱和脂肪酸,具有预防心血管疾病、促进大脑发育等作用[4 ]。……
