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苦荞新品系定苦荞2号选育报告

2021-05-11马宁赵小琴刘彦明刘军秀贾瑞玲

甘肃农业科技 2021年2期
关键词:选育苦荞

马宁 赵小琴 刘彦明 刘军秀 贾瑞玲

摘要:苦荞品系定苦荞2号是从镇巴苦荞中系统选育而成。在2016 — 2018年多点区域试验中,定苦荞2号3 a 15点(次)折合平均产量2 693.40 kg/hm2,比对照品种川荞1号增产10.57%。该品系中早熟,生育期97 d。株高121.7 cm,主茎分枝6.1个,主茎节数16.3节,株型紧凑。籽粒长锥形、灰黑色,单株粒重3.0 g,千粒重18.0 g。籽粒含粗淀粉576.0 g/kg、粗脂肪24.8 g/kg、蛋白质117.0 g/kg、水分9.18 g/100 g、总黄酮2.94 g/100 g。抗旱、抗褐斑病及轮纹病、丰产稳产性好。适宜在干旱、半干旱海拔1 800~2 400 m及同类地区种植。

关键词:苦荞;新品系;定苦荞2号;选育

中图分类号:S512.9       文献标志码:A      文章编号:1001-1463(2021)02-0011-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.02.004

Report on Breeding of New Tartary Buckwheat Line Dingkuqiao 2

MA Ning, ZHAO Xiaoqin, LIU Yanming, LIU Junxiu, JIA Ruiling

(Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi Gansu 743000, China)

Abstract:A new tartary buckwheat line Dingkuqiao 2 was systematically bred from Zhenbakuqiao. In 2016 — 2018, the average yield of 3 a 15 sites(times) of Dingkuqiao 2 was 2 693.40 kg/hm2 and 10.57% higher than that of the control Chuanqiao 1 in Regional Experiment. The line is medium and early maturing, the growth period was 97 days, and the plant height was about 121.7 cm, the branch of stem was 6.1, node number of stem was 16.3, 1 000-grains weight was 3.0 g and seeds weight per-plant was 18.0 g. The plant type is compact, the grain is long conical, grayish black. The grain content of crude starch, crude fat, protein, water content and flavonoids compounds were 57.60%, 2.48%, 11.7%, 9.18 g/100 g and 2.94 g/100 g, respectively. It has good drought resistance, resistance to brown spot disease and rotation disease, high yield and stable yield. It is suitable to be grown in below 1 800~2 400 m in Arid and Semi-arid Area and similar areas.

Key words:Fagopyrum tartaricun;New Line Dingkuqiao 2;Breeding

苦蕎(Fagopyrum tartaricun)属于蓼科荞麦属一年生草本作物[1 ],起源于我国[2 - 3 ],主要分布在云南、贵州、四川、甘肃、陕西、山西等地,富含芦丁、槲皮素及山奈酚等生物类黄酮[4 - 6 ],具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抑菌消炎等功能[6 - 8 ],是一种特别的药食同源作物[9 ]。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,苦荞保健食品的开发利用得到国内外食品企业的高度关注[10 - 11 ]。甘肃是我国西北地区苦荞主产区,具有得天独厚的地理条件及生产优势。然而,由于当地苦荞多种植在二阴地和山旱地,基本无灌溉条件,产量低而不稳、品质及专用性差;引进的品种在旱作条件下又表现出抗性差、退化快等不足[12 - 14 ],严重制约着当地荞麦产业的发展。定西市农业科学研究院从镇巴苦荞中采用多次单株选择法育出新品系定苦荞2号(原代号定苦2004-7)。

1   亲本来源及选育经过

亲本镇巴苦荞2003年从陕西镇巴种子公司引进,生育期97 d,株型紧凑,花黄绿色,株高124.4 cm,主茎分枝6.4个,主茎节数15.4节,单株粒重3.4 g,千粒重17.4 g,籽粒褐色、长锥形。……

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