辣椒枯萎病主要致病菌的分离鉴定及农用拮抗菌筛选
2021-05-11张俊庆郑安科高立红孙亚敏姜志阳
张俊庆 郑安科 高立红 孙亚敏 姜志阳



摘要[目的]分离鉴定辣椒枯萎病主要致病菌,探寻能够有效抑制该致病菌的生防菌株。[方法]采用植物病害组织致病菌划线分离方法分离致病菌,经形态学以及ITS区域PCR检测,确定菌株属性,通过平板拮抗筛选,确定对该致病菌具有拮抗作用的农用生防菌株。[结果]初步鉴定该致病菌为尖孢镰刀(Fusariumoxysporum),将该致病菌与11株农用微生物芽孢杆菌和3株农用微生物木霉菌进行拮抗试验,发现枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)、海洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmarinus)、坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillusfirmus)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmethylotrophicus)6株芽孢杆菌对该致病菌拮抗效果明显,长枝木霉(Trichodermalongibrachiatum)与哈茨木霉(Trichodermaharzianum)2株木霉菌对该致病菌具有明显的拮抗效果。[结论]筛选到了8株能够有效抑制该病原菌的生防菌株,为以后研究生防肥料奠定了基础。
关键词枯萎病;分离;鉴定;拮抗菌;筛选
中图分类号S436.418.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2021)08-0134-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.08.035
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
IsolationandIdentificationoftheMainPathogensCausingCapsicumWiltandScreeningofAgriculturalAntagonisms
ZHANGJun-qing,ZHENGAn-ke,GAOLi-hongetal
(ShandongElephantResearchandDevelopmentCenter,Jining,Shandong272507)
Abstract[Objective]Toisolateandidentifythemainpathogenicbacteriaofpepperfusariumwilt,andtosearchforbiocontrolstrainsthatcaneffectivelyinhibitthepathogenicbacteria.[Method]Thepathogenicbacteriawereseparatedbystreakingandisolationofpathogenicbacteriafromplantdiseasetissues,andthemorphologyandPCRdetectionofITSareawereusedtodeterminetheattributesofthestrains.Throughplateantagonisticscreening,theagriculturalbiocontrolstrainswithantagonisticeffectsonthepathogenswasdetermined.[Result]ThepathogenicbacteriawaspreliminarilyidentifiedasFusariumoxysporum.Thepathogenicbacteriawasscreenedwith11strainsofagriculturalmicroorganismsBacillusand3strainsofagriculturalmicroorganismsTrichodermainantagonisticexperiments.ItwasfoundthatthesixstrainsofBacillusincludingBacillussubtilis,Bacillusthuringiensis,Bacillusamyloliquefaciens,Bacillusmarinus,Bacillusfirmus,Bacillusmethylotrophicushadobviousantagonisticeffectonthepathogenicbacteria,andtwostrainsofTrichodermaincludingTrichodermalongibrachiatumandTrichodermaharzianumhadobviousantagonisticeffectsonthepathogenicbacteria.[Conclusion]Throughthisresearch,8biocontrolstrainsthatcaneffectivelyinhibitthepathogenwerescreened,whichpavesthewayforstudyingbiocontrolfertilizers.
KeywordsFusariumwilt;Isolation;Identification;Antagonisticantibacterial;Screening
枯萎病作為一种常见的植物病害已成为制约经济作物发展的一大主要病害,特别是对黄瓜[1]、番茄[2]、茄子[3-4]、香蕉[5]以及款冬花[6]等造成了巨大经济损失,这些年随产业化集中,辣椒等蔬菜复种指数的提高,枯萎病的发生呈逐年增长趋势,严重影响了我国辣椒质量以及农户的收入,辣椒枯萎病的发生率一般为15%~30%,严重时达70%~80%,成为辣椒的一个重要病害[7]。研究表明,辣椒枯萎病主要为镰刀菌所致,黄立志等[8]、黄素芳等[9]、梁建根等[10]研究表明,广西玉林、福建漳州、山西等辣椒枯萎病均由尖孢镰刀菌所致。……
