汪秋燕 祝云龙

[摘要] 目的 探讨衢州市老年痴呆的患病率及危险因素。 方法 随机选取2019年1—5月衢州市三个社区为研究地点，共抽查60岁以上老年人2454例，对其个人资料及相关因素进行调查，分析影响老年痴呆患病的相关因素。 结果 老年痴呆患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势，女性患病率高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、听力、吸烟、鱼油类保健品、河鲜、户外活动、锻炼、读报纸、心理情绪状态、月收入、受教育年限及自觉健康状况是老年痴呆的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 衢州市老年痴呆主要以阿尔兹海默症及血管性痴呆为主，且女性患病率高于男性，对于女性、收入较低、听力障碍、受教育年限较低及自觉健康状况差的老年人，应当给予充分的关心和相应的干预方式，以降低老年痴呆的患病率。

[关键词] 老年痴呆;血管性痴呆;阿尔兹海默症;年龄;危险因素

[中图分类号] R749.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）08-0033-06

The prevalence of senile dementia in Quzhou city and its risk factors

WANG Qiuyan   ZHU Yunlong

Department of Geriatrics， the Third Hospital of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province， Quzhou   324000， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the prevalence of senile dementia in Quzhou city and its risk factors. Methods From January to May 2019， three communities in Quzhou city were randomly selected as the research sites， and 2454 elderly people over 60 years old were randomly selected. Their personal data and related factors were investigated， and the related factors affecting the incidence of senile dementia were analyzed. Results The incidence of senile dementia increased with age， the prevalence of women was statistically significant higher than that in men（P<0.05）. According to the multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis， age， hearing， smoking， fish oil health products， seafood， outdoor activities， exercise， newspapers reading， psychological and emotional state， monthly income， years of education and self-conscious health status were independent risk factors leading to senile dementia（P<0.05）. Conclusion Alzheimer′s disease and vascular dementia are the main types of senile dementia in Quzhou city， and the incidence of females is higher than that of males. For females， those with lower income， hearing impairment， lower years of education and poor self-conscious health should be treated with sufficient nursing and corresponding intervention so as to alleviate the incidence of senile dementia.

[Key words] Senile dementia; Vascular dementia; Alzheimer′s disease; Age; Risk factor

老年癡呆及认知障碍严重影响人们的生活质量与生命健康，成为老年医学研究的重要课题。受我国人口老龄化等因素的影响，我国老年痴呆的患病率逐年上升。有研究结果显示，老年痴呆患病率随年龄升高而逐渐增加[1]。临床数据统计结果显示，目前老年痴呆的1年病死率约为20%，3年病死率可高达73%。虽然医学迅速发展，但是目前老年痴呆的患病原因仍不明确[2-4]。为进一步了解老年痴呆的患病特点，本研究对衢州市老年痴呆患者的患病情况进行调查，并分析影响其患病的相关因素，以期在老年痴呆及认知障碍的预防、治疗决策和统计工作等方面为职能部门提供帮助和参考;医务工作者也可根据研究结果对患者进行有效的康复训练、心理指导及康复治疗，从而提高老年痴呆患者的生活质量、减轻痛苦、延长寿命、减轻家庭及社会的人力和物力负担，具有较好的社会效益和间接的经济效益，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

随机选取2019年1—5月衢州市三个社区为研究地点，共抽查60岁以上老年人2454例，其中男1042例，女1412例;痴呆患者148例（阿尔兹海默症109例，血管性痴呆39例）。……