顾艳霞 刘信信 蔡璐 刘强

[摘要] 长链非编码RNA是一类转录本长度超过200 bq的功能性RNA，广泛存在于多种组织和细胞中，其具有多种生物学功能，在心血管系统的发育及病理生理过程中发挥着关键的调节作用。心肌梗死相关转录本是长链非编码RNA中的一员，近年来，越来越多的研究结果显示，心肌梗死相关转录本通过参与细胞增殖、调亡、迁移、自噬、氧化应激等多条通路介导冠心病、心房颤动、糖尿病性心肌病、心脏肥大、高血压等心血管疾病的发生发展。对其作用机制的深入研究，有助于使心肌梗死相关转录本成为心血管疾病中一种新型生物学标志物或药物治疗靶点。

[关键词] 心肌梗死相关转录本;心血管疾病;机制;治疗;研究进展

[中图分类号] R541          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）07-0183-05

Research progress of long non-coding RNA MIAT in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases

GU Yanxia   LIU Xinxin   CAI Lu   LIU Qiang

Cardiology Department， the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University， Hangzhou   310006， China

[Abstract] Long-chain non-coding RNA is a type of functional RNA with a transcript longer than 200 bq， which is widely present in a variety of tissues and cells. It has a variety of biological functions and plays a key regulatory role in the development and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. The myocardial infarction-related transcript is a member of the long non-coding RNA. In recent years， more and more studies have shown that myocardial infarction-related transcripts mediate the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease， atrial fibrillation， diabetic cardiomyopathy， and heart hypertrophy and hypertension by participating in multiple pathways such as cell proliferation， apoptosis， migration， autophagy， and oxidative stress. An in-depth study of its mechanism of action will help myocardial infarction-related transcripts become a new biological marker or drug treatment target in cardiovascular diseases.

[Key words] Myocardial infarction association transcript; Cardiovascular disease; Mechanism; Treatment; Research progress

心血管疾病（Cardiovascular disease，CVD）的發病率和致死率居全球首位，统计发现因CVD死亡的人数约占全球总死亡人数的1/3。导致CVD患者死亡的主要病因为缺血性心脏病、高血压性心脏病、心肌病、卒中、风湿性心脏病和心房颤动等[1]。目前认为CVD与基因异常表达存在密切关系，但其机制尚不明确。长链非编码RNA（Long noncoding RNA， LncRNA）是一类长度超过200 bq的功能性RNA，在细胞生理和病理活动中发挥重要作用，具有多种生物学功能，可从表观遗传、转录水平和转录后水平调控疾病相关基因表达。大量研究结果显示，LncRNA可参与调节心脏发育、缺血性心脏病、心肌病、心律失常及心力衰竭等多种心血管疾病的发生发展，因此也被认为是治疗心血管疾病的重要靶点[2]。……