葛瑞晨 乔长录 蔡国涛 任锦豪

摘 要：为探求不同覆盖条件下绿洲棉田的作物系数与覆膜系数，利用石河子大学节水灌溉站2018年蒸渗仪、气象站、叶面积仪、EM50实测数据，分析不同覆盖条件下绿洲棉田全生育期的蒸散量、作物系数以及覆膜系数。结果表明：不覆膜滴灌全生育期作物系数为1.08，覆膜滴灌全生育期作物系数为0.79。苗期覆膜系数为0.772 5，蕾期覆膜系数为0.718 6，花铃期覆膜系数为0.777 8，吐絮期覆膜系數为0.923 8。两种不同滴灌方式下的叶面积指数与作物系数为乘幂函数关系，且相关性显著。可以通过棉花不同生育期的覆膜系数以及叶面积指数与作物系数的拟合关系式，将不同覆盖方式下的作物系数相互转化。

关键词：绿洲棉田;作物系数;蒸渗仪;覆膜系数;叶面积指数

中图分类号：S274.3 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.04.030

引用格式：葛瑞晨，乔长录，蔡国涛，等.不同覆盖条件绿洲棉田作物系数与覆膜系数试验研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（4）：155-159，164.

Abstract： In order to explore the crop coefficient and mulching coefficient of oasis cotton field under different mulching methods. The evapotranspiration， crop coefficient and film mulching coefficient of oasis cotton field under different mulching modes were analyzed by using the data of evapotranspiration meter， meteorological station， leaf area meter and EM50 measured in the water-saving irrigation station of Shihezi University in 2018. The outcomes show that the crop coefficient of non-mulched drip irrigation is 1.08 and crop coefficient of film mulching drip irrigation in whole growth period is 0.79. The film mulching coefficient is 0.772 5 at seedling stage， 0.718 6 at bud stage， 0.777 8 at flowering and boll stage， and 0.923 8 at flocculation stage. Under the two different drip irrigation methods， the leaf area index and crop coefficient are fitted by power curve， and the correlation is significant. Crop coefficients under different cotton mulching patterns can be transformed into each other through the fitting relationship between cotton mulching coefficients at different growth stages and leaf area index and crop coefficients.

Key words： oasis cotton field; crop coefficient; transpirator; film mulching coefficient; leaf area index

作物系数是作物实际蒸散量与参考作物蒸散量的比值，是估算作物实际蒸散量的关键参数。作物系数受土壤含水率、气象因素、作物生长状况等影响，在整个生育期内都不断地变化[1-2]。国内外许多学者在试验的基础上利用田间水量平衡法计算作物系数。曹振凯等[3]利用Penman-Monteith公式计算了不同覆盖条件下冬小麦作物系数，并对作物系数与种植天数、大于0 ℃积温进行相关性分析，结果表明其分别呈良好的四次多项式、二次多项式关系。李迎等[4]通过冬小麦叶面积指数与作物系数相关性分析，建立积温模型估算冬小麦的作物系数。……