王政平 贾东远 马追

摘 要：某长距离输水工程采用重力流输水方式，部分管段最大静水头483.0 m，是较为少见的高水头输水工程。为提出合理、高效的关阀方案，用特征线方法建立水力过渡过程数值模型，对线性关阀方案、两段折线关阀方案和三段折线关阀方案进行研究，并在寻优得到的三段折线上选取部分点，分别利用B-Spline插值、Spline插值和Bezier插值方法得到光滑的变速率关阀曲线，对比了各插值方法分析水锤控制效果的优劣。计算结果表明，在满足压力控制标准时，关阀效率从低到高分别为线性关阀、两段折线关阀和三段折线关阀方案。利用B-Spline插值方法和Bezier插值方法均能得到优化变速率关阀曲线，后者效果最优。

关键词：输水工程;重力流;水锤;关阀方案

中图分类号：TV68 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.04.027

引用格式：王政平，贾东远，马追.长距离重力流输水工程关阀方案优化研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（4）：142-146.

Abstract： A long-distance water delivery project adopts gravity flow water transfer mode. The maximum static water head of some pipe sections is 483.0 m. It is a relatively rare high-head water delivery project. In order to propose a reasonable and efficient valve closure scheme， a numerical model of hydraulic transient process was established by using the characteristic line method. The linear valve closure scheme， two-stage broken-line valve closure scheme and three-stage broken-line valve closure scheme were studied. Some points were selected on the optimized three-stage broken-line valve closure curve， and B-Spline interpolation method， Spline interpolation method and Bezier interpolation method were used to obtain smooth variable rate shutoff curve， and the control effect of the shutoff curve based on each interpolation method on water hammer was compared. The results show that when the pressure control standard is satisfied， the valve closing efficiency is linear， two-stage broken-line and three-stage broken-line respectively. Both the B-Spline and Bezier interpolation methods can effectively reduce the maximum water hammer pressure， and the latter is the best.

Key words： water delivery project; gravity flow; water hammer; valve closing scheme

近年來，为解决区域水资源分布不均的问题，我国跨流域、跨地区调水工程的建设越来越普遍[1]。长距离输水管线长度一般为万米级别，管线初始投资巨大，一旦发生爆管等事故，将造成严重的经济损失，并对人民生产生活产生影响[2]，因此保证输水管线安全是工程运行的重中之重。长距离输水管线往往随地势剧烈起伏，落差较大，正常运行状态管壁承受较大的内水压力。当管线中水流处于水力瞬变状态时，沿程表现为快速传播的水锤波动，可能导致爆管、阀门变形破损、管道接头断开等，关阀过程产生的水力瞬变是威胁管线安全的重要因素[3-4]。……