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微纳卫星系统可靠性评估方法研究

2021-04-25吴浩

电脑知识与技术 2021年9期

吴浩

摘要:可靠性是产品的重要属性,在计算机的辅助计算下,可靠性研究飞速发展。微纳卫星系统的可靠性不仅体现了星上产品的质量,更代表了国家高精尖产业的水准。文章对微纳卫星的概念进行简单说明,针对微纳卫星产品长寿命、小子样和不可修的可靠性特点,介绍了基于统计分析、基于性能退化和多源信息融合的单机级可靠性评估方法。根据建立的系统可靠性模型,可以由单机级求出系统级的可靠性特征量,对微纳卫星系统的可靠性分析具有一定的参考价值。

关键词:微纳卫星;可靠性;统计分析;性能退化;多源信息融合;贝叶斯

中图分类号:V240.2       文献标识码:A

文章编号:1009-3044(2021)09-0027-03

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Research on Reliability Evaluation Method of NanoSatSystem

WU Hao

(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

Abstract: Reliability is an important attribute of products. With the aid of computer calculations, reliability research has developed rapidly. The reliability of the NanoSat system not only reflects the quality of the products on the satellite, but also represents the level of the country's high-tech industry. The article briefly explains the concept of NanoSat. Aiming at the long-life, small sample and irreparable reliability characteristics of NanoSat products, it introduces a single-machine-level reliability assessment method based on statistical analysis, performance degradation and multi-source information fusion . According to the established system reliability model, the system-level reliability characteristics can be obtained from the stand-alone level, which has certain reference value for the reliability analysis of the NanoSat system.

Key words: NanoSat; reliability; statistical analysis; performance degradation; multi-source information fusion; Bayes

1引言

可靠性是指产品在规定条件和规定时间内,完成规定功能的能力[1]。随着航天技术的发展,微纳卫星应用领域不断扩大,对微纳卫星的可靠性要求也越来越高。微纳卫星属于长寿命产品,通常采用星座组网和编队飞行的分布式理念来完成特定功能。当有卫星失效时,需要及时对星座和飞行编队进行补星操作。补星时间过早,会造成资源浪费,补星时间过晚,则星座或编队的功能失去保证,所以需要对微纳卫星进行及时准确的可靠性评估来确定合适的补星时间。

通常使用分层分级的思想来对微纳卫星系统进行可靠性分析。利用可靠性框图清晰方便地展示系统内部结构,将系统的可靠性指标写成单机可靠性指标的函数,求出单机的可靠性指标,结合对应的数学模型,进而可以求出系统的可靠性指标。……

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