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航运业未完航次利润核算平台的设计与实现

2021-04-18黄震

软件工程 2021年4期

黄震

摘  要:根据新会计准则和报表披露要求,远洋运输企业需要根据合同进度采用完工百分比核算法对未完航次的收入和成本费用进行核算。本文通过企业的实际应用简要介绍了一种基于SAP(思爱普)系统的未完航次利润核算平台的设计思路和实现方法。通过ABAP(高级商务应用编程)的结构设计上载报文、匹配运营方式和算法变量并利用内表进行系数计算和凭证推导,最后自动完成平行记账,使财务会计和管理会计能同时体现未完航次的当期利润,从而满足了不同航运公司的核算需求和新局势的发展要求,解决了航运企业的实际问题。

关键词:未完航次利润核算;完工百分比核算法;SAP系统;ABAP语言

中图分类号:TP319     文献标识码:A

文章编号:2096-1472(2021)-04-39-04

Abstract: According to the new accounting standards and report disclosure requirements, shipping enterprises need to use percentage-of-completion method to calculate revenue and cost of the unfinished voyage according to contract schedule. This paper proposes to design and implement a profit accounting platform for unfinished voyages based on SAP (System Applications and Products) system. First, through structure design with ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), data package is uploaded; operation modes and algorithm variables are matched. Then, coefficient calculation and voucher deduction are performed via using the inner tables. Finally, parallel booking is automatically completed so that financial accounting and management accounting can simultaneously reflect current profits of unfinished voyages. The proposed platform is designed to meet accounting needs of different shipping enterprises and new situations, solving actual problems of shipping enterprises.

Keywords: profit accounting of unfinished voyages; percentage-of-completion method; SAP system; ABAP language

1   引言(Introduction)

对于远洋运输企业而言,往往一个运输合同会跨多个月份,因此,在核算当期利润时,通常采用的是“完成航次核算法”,即只考虑完成航次的利润核算,而对未完成航次则全部不进行计算[1]。但根据新会计准则要求,航运企业也需对未完航次进行利润核算,出具按“完工百分比核算法”核算的主营业务收入和主营业务成本,以满足财务管理、审计以及上市公司信息披露的需要。“完工百分比核算法”是指根据合同进度确认收入和成本费用的方法[2]。这个方法规范了合同的确认、计量和相关信息的披露,体现了与国际会计准则的接轨,能较大程度提高企业会计信息质量[3]。

因此,如何在现有系统中实现POC(Percentage of Completion,完工百分比)核算是远洋运输企业亟待解决的一个问题。……

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