赵相宇 田军仓 马波

摘要：【目的】研究壓砂地栽培新引进西瓜品种的生育期耗水规律、土壤水分动态变化、产量和品质，选出最优品种，为宁夏中部干旱带压砂地西瓜大面积轻简化栽培提供科学参考。【方法】以4个西瓜品种（NK-TM、R-18、N-08和DD-87）为研究对象，在相同灌水定额和施肥条件下，研究不同育苗方式（自根和嫁接）的生育期需水规律、产量和品质，分析不同处理上述指标的差异性。【结果】降水和灌水对土壤含水量变化影响明显，在灌溉后和下雨后各个处理土壤体积含水率明显增加，其他状态下土壤体积含水率大部分保持在13.0%。苗期以蒸发耗水为主，自根苗和嫁接苗日耗水量为0.60～1.94 mm;伸蔓期日耗水量为1.19～1.74 mm;开花坐果期耗水量有较大幅度增加，日耗水量达峰值，为4.34～8.57 mm;进入膨瓜期日耗水量逐渐减小，降至2.95～3.77 mm;西瓜成熟期日耗水量最小，为0.95～1.59 mm;西瓜嫁接苗总耗水量除苗期总体低于自根苗外，其他时期均高于自根苗。西瓜接嫁苗产量明显高于自根苗，品种R-18和N-08西瓜嫁接苗产量较高，分别为43766.61和41745.13 kg/ha。但在西瓜品质指标方面，自根苗明显优于嫁接苗。在各个处理中，N-08嫁接苗的果皮最薄，仅为8.33 mm。相关分析结果显示，在相同水肥条件下，西瓜产量与育苗方式和作物耗水量有极显著相关性（P<0.01），总酸含量与品种间、维生素C含量与作物耗水量间呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。【结论】4个新引进压砂地种植西瓜品种的产量和品质与耗水量及育苗方式关系密切，品种N-08嫁接苗表现优异，可推荐在宁夏中部干旱带压砂地种植。

关键词： 西瓜;品种;压砂地;育苗方式;耗水量;产量

中图分类号： S651                             文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）12-3425-09

Water demand law of newly introduced varieties of watermelon and fruit yield and quality in different nursery techniques

ZHAO Xiang-yu1， TIAN Jun-cang1，2，3， MA Bo1，2，3*

（1School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering， Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750021， China; 2Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia， Ningxia University， Yinchuan  750021，China; 3Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in

Arid Regions， Ministry of Education， Yinchuan  750021， China）

Abstract：【Objective】To study the water consumption pattern，soil water dynamics，yield and quality of watermelon of newly introduced varieties cultivated on pressed sand，and the optimal varieties were selected to provide scientific refe-rence for large-scale light and simplified cultivation of watermelon in the arid zone of central Ningxia. 【Method】Used comparative experimental research method to study the fertility water demand pattern，yield and quality of four varieties of 4 watermelon varieties（NK-TM，R-18，N-08 and DD-87） under the same irrigation quota and fertilization conditions with different seedling techniques（self-rooting and grafting），and analyzed the variability of the above indicators in different treatments. 【Result】Precipitation and irrigation had obvious effects on soil water content changes. The soil volumetric water content increased greatly in each treatment after irrigation and after rain，and most of the soil volumetric water content remained at about 13.0% in other states. The water consumption in the seedling stage was dominated by evaporation. The daily water consumption of self-rooted seedlings and grafted seedlings was 0.60-1.94 mm; the daily water consumption of the spreading stage was 1.19-1.74 mm. The water consumption during the flowering and fruit sitting period increased greatly， and the daily water consumption reached the peak， which was 4.34-8.57 mm. The daily water consumption in the puffed melon stage gradually decreased to 2.95-3.77 mm; the daily water consumption in the watermelon mature stage was the smallest，0.95-1.59 mm. The water consumption of grafted watermelon seedlings was higher than that of self-rooted seedlings except for the seedling stage. The yield of grafted watermelon seedlings was higher than that of self-rooted seedlings. The yields of grafted watermelon seedlings of varieties R-18 and N-08 were higher，which were 43766.61 and 41745.13 kg/ha，respectively. But in terms of watermelon quality indicators，self-rooted seedlings were obviously better than grafted seedlings. Among all treatments，the peel of N-08 grafted seedlings was the thinnest，only 8.33 mm. The results of correlation analysis showed that under the same water and fertilizer conditions，watermelon yield was extremely significantly correlated with seedling-raising methods and crop water consumption（P<0.01），and there was a significant negative correlation between total acid content and varieties，and between vitamin C content and crop water consumption（P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】The yield and quality of the four newly introduced watermelon varieties planted in the sandy land are closely related to water consumption and seedling raising methods. N-08 grafted seedlings has excellent performance and can be planted in the arid zone of central Ningxia.

Key words： watermelon; variety; gravel-mulched field; nursery technique; water consumption; yield

Foundation item： Ningxia Key Research and Development Plan Project （2019BEH03010）;Ningxia Key Research and Development Plan Major Project（2018BBF02022）;Ningxia Colleges and Universities First-class Subject Construction Project（Water Conservancy Engineering）（NXYLXK2021A03）

0 引言

【研究意義】压砂地是由鹅卵石、砾石、粗砂和细砂的混合体或单体在田块表面均匀铺设厚度为5～16 cm的砂石覆盖层，并种植西瓜、甜瓜等经济作物（马波和田军仓，2016a;范兵华等，2019）。……