桂华敏 夏涛 王思洁 吴国星 张祖兵 朱国渊 张永科 高熹

摘要：【目的】探明溫度对辣木瑙螟生长发育和繁殖的影响，为辣木瑙螟的预测预报和综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】在光周期L∶D=14 h∶10 h、相对湿度80%的条件下，设置24、26、28、30和32 ℃ 5个温度梯度，测定不同温度下辣木瑙螟卵的孵化率、幼虫及蛹的死亡率和发育历期;待成虫羽化后，测定不同温度对成虫寿命及产卵量的影响，并计算各虫态的发育起点温度、有效积温及实验室种群的生殖力生命表参数。【结果】在24～32 ℃内，随着温度的升高，除1、2和3龄幼虫外，辣木瑙螟其他幼虫虫态和蛹的死亡率均先降低后升高;24 ℃时各虫态的累积死亡率最高。在24～30 ℃内，随着温度的升高，各龄期幼虫、蛹的发育历期及成虫寿命均逐渐缩短，32 ℃时从卵发育到成虫仅需14.58 d，而在24 ℃下为28.75 d。单雌产卵量在30 ℃时最大，为412.85粒，32 ℃时最低，仅27.33粒。卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为16.75、16.95和16.33 ℃，有效积温分别为27.83、131.00和94.16 d·℃。在24～30 ℃内，周限增长率均大于1，种群数量以几何级数增长。【结论】温度对辣木瑙螟的生长发育和繁殖具有明显影响，28～30 ℃是辣木瑙螟生长发育和繁殖的最适温区。根据辣木瑙螟危害地区的平均温度，结合其发育历期等，可对辣木瑙螟进行预测预报，为辣木瑙螟的综合防治提供依据。

关键词： 辣木瑙螟;温度;生长发育;繁殖

中图分类号： S763.7                           文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）12-3400-08

Effects of temperature on the growth， development and reproduction of Noorda blitealis Walker

GUI Hua-min1， XIA Tao1， WANG Si-jie1， WU Guo-xing1， ZHANG Zu-bing2，

ZHU Guo-yuan2， ZHANG Yong-ke2， GAO Xi1*

（1College of Plant Protection，Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming  650201， China; 2Yunnan Institute

of Tropical Crops， Jinghong， Yunnan  666100， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The effects of temperature on the growth， development and reproduction of Noorda blitealis were studied to provide the basis for the prediction and comprehensive control of N. blitealis. 【Method】Under the conditions of a photoperiod of 14 L∶10 D， and a relative humidity of 80%， five temperatures of 24， 26， 28， 30 and 32 ℃ were set to determine the hatching rate of N. blitealis eggs at different temperatures. The mortality and developmental duration of larvae and pupae; after the emergence of adults， the effects of different temperatures on adult life and egg production were measured， and the developmental starting temperature and effective accumulated temperature， and fertility life table reference number of each insect state were calculated. 【Result】With increases in temperature between 24-32 ℃， except for the 1st，2nd and 3rd instar larvae， the mortality of other larvae and pupae of N. blitealis decreased first and then increased， and the cumulative mortality was the highest at 24 ℃. Over the same temperature range， the developmental period of each worm state and adult lifespan were gradually shortened. It only took 14.58 d to develop from egg to adult at 32 ℃， and 28.75 d at 24 ℃. The number of eggs laid by a single female was the highest at 30 ℃（412.85）， The lowest at 32 ℃（27.33）. The developmental starting temperature of egg stage， larval stage and pupal stage were 16.75， 16.95， 16.33 ℃， and the effective accumulated temperature were 27.83， 131.00 and 94.16 d·℃， respectively. In 24-30 ℃， the weekly growth rate was greater than 1， and the population grew geometrically. 【Conclusion】Temperature has obvious effect on the growth and reproduction of N. blitealis. 28-30 ℃ is the most suitable temperature zone for the growth and reproduction of N. blitealis. According to the average temperature and development period of N. blitealis furnacalis， the prediction and forecast of N. blitealis can be carried out to provide a basis for the comprehensive control of N. blitealis.

Key words： Noorda blitealis Walker; temperature; growth and development; reproduction

Foundation items：National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Construction Project（CARS-11-YNZZB）;Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project（202001AT070139）

0 引言

【研究意义】辣木瑙螟（Noorda blitealis Walker）隶属鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）草螟科（Crambidae），是辣木上的重要害虫。在苏丹、印度和埃塞俄比亚等国家有辣木瑙螟为害的报道（Munj et al.，2001）。在国内，对辣木瑙螟的首次报道出现于2016年，在云南省元江县大发生（李召波等，2016），随着辣木产业的发展及辣木种植面积的不断扩大，辣木瑙螟的危害范围也在不断扩大。……