张慧娜 吴小丽 许金彬

摘要：【目的】优化苦瓜品种结构，促进苦瓜种植产业发展，满足人们对苦瓜的消费需求.【方法】从东南亚引进“珠江”“GL-925”“奇俊426”“碧珠2号”“标致013”“广卜”“高产l号”“泰国绿”“玉绿槟城”等9个苦瓜品种进行栽培研究，调查分析各品种苦瓜的长势、开花时间、坐果情况、瓜型、单瓜重、产量和口感。【结果】“珠江”苦瓜生长速度快，开花早，坐果能力强，茎粗肉厚，瓜长适中，产量高，单果重大，瓜色亮绿，口感好;“高产l号”苦瓜生长速度适中，开花时间居中，坐果能力强，茎粗肉厚，瓜长适中，产量高，单果重大，瓜色亮绿，口感好。【结论】“珠江”和“高产l号”两个品种适宜在南宁推广种植、

关键词：苦瓜;引种;产量;品质;试验

中图分类号：S642.5 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1003-4374（ 2021）06-0029-05

Preliminary Report on the Introduction of Several Varieties of Bitter Gourds from Southeast

Asian in Nanning

Zhang Hui-na， Wu Xiao-li， Xu Jin-bin

（ Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University， Nanning， Guangxi 530007 . China）Abstract： [Ohjective] In order to optimize the structure of varieties of bitter gourd， promote thedevelopment of hitter gourd planting industry ， and meet people' s consumption demand. [ Method ] Thenine varieties of bitter gourds from southeast asia were introduced in this experiment， including"Zhujiang River" "GL-925 " " Qijun No.426" " Bizhu No.2" " Biaozhi No.013" "Guangbu" "High yield No.1" "Thailand Green" "Jade Green Penang".The growth， flowering time. fruit setting， melon type， singlemelon weight， yield and taste were investigated. [ Result] The results showed that the "Zhujiang River"bitter gourd has the following advantages： faster growth rate， early flowering， strong fruit setting， thickstem and fruit. moderate length， high yield， large single fruit， bright green color and good taste. The"High yield No.1" bitter gourd has the following advantages： moderate growth. middle flowering time，strong f'ruit setting capacity， thick stem and fruit. moderate melon length， high yield， large singlefruit， bright green melon color and good taste. [Conclusion] The two varieties of "Zhujiang River" and"High yield No.1"are suitable for planting in Nanning.Keyword： bitter gourd. introduction， production， quality， experiment

苦瓜為药食兼用的葫芦科一年生栽培植物，除具有很高的营养价值外，还具有降低血糖、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、广谱抗菌和提高人体免疫力的功效。[1]苦瓜在我国南北各地均有栽培，尤其以华南及长江流域栽培较多。随着人们生活水平的提高以及对苦瓜药食兼用双重功效的深入认识，市场对苦瓜的需求量逐年增加，栽培面积逐年扩大。[2.3]

苦瓜起源于东南亚热带地区，在东南亚地区栽培历史悠久，南宋时期传人我国，已有几百年的栽培历史。[4.5]相对于葫芦科其它种类蔬菜，苦瓜遗传育种相关基础研究起步较晚，当前生产上多以地方品种为主，面临着品种严重退化的问题;同时，市场上的苦瓜品种的抗病性、抗虫性、熟性等都存在一定问题。……