考虑环境对流换热的光伏组件热行为分析
2021-04-03贡琳慧曹阳夏斌
贡琳慧 曹阳 夏斌



摘 要:光伏组件发热会降低组件发电效率,因此有必要对不同对流换热环境下PV板的热行为进行分析。研究建立了精细的PV板-环境模型,分别包括玻璃、EVA粘结层、电池层、背板和空气,并基于仿真软件的太阳加载模块和对流换热模块实现江苏丹阳地区安装倾角27°、发电效率14%的PV板热行为的数值模拟。无风工况模拟结果与相同条件下实验测量结果较为接近,表明模拟方法的可靠性。有风工况下,PV板最大温升在5 ℃以内,表明适当的强制对流能够有效控制PV板发热问题。
关键词:PV板;温度;自然热对流;强制热对流
中图分类号:TM615 文献标识码:A文章编号:2096-4706(2021)19-0056-04
Thermal Behavior Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules Considering Ambient Convective Heat Transfer
GONG Linhui1, CAO Yang2, XIA Bin3
(1.Nanjing Normal University Zhongbei College, Danyang 212300, China; 2.Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Investment Group, Nanjing 210031, China; 3. China Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China)
Abstract: The heating of photovoltaic module will reduce the module power generation efficiency, so it is necessary to analyze the thermal behavior of PV panel under different ambient convective heat transfer environment. A detailed PV panel-environment model is established, including glass, EVA bonding layer, battery layer, backplane and air. Based on the solar loading module and ambient convection heat transfer module of simulation software, the thermal behavior of PV panel with 27° inclination and 14% power generation efficiency in Danyang, Jiangsu is simulated. The simulation results of no-wind condition are close to the experimental results under the same condition, which indicates the reliability of the simulation method. Under the condition of wind, the maximum temperature rise of the PV plate is less than 5℃, indicating that appropriate forced ambient convection can effectively control the heating problem of the PV panel.
Keywords: PV panel; temperature; natural heat convection; forced heat convection
0 引 言
对太阳电池(PV)开展效率研究能有效提高电池的效率,不断接近当前公认的理论极限30%。实验室条件下,采用目前最先进的技术,单晶硅太阳电池的转换效率有可能超过24%。然而,工业上大批量生产的电池所具有的效率只有13%~14%。通过采用太阳能光电/光热一体化系统可提高太阳能的综合利用率[1],但太阳能电池的效率也只有稍许提升。太阳能电池的工作温度由环境温度、封装电池的组件特性、日照强度以及其他一些变量,比如风速等因素决定的。对于硅太阳能电池来说,温度上升带来的主要影响是开路电压和填充因子下降,导致输出电功率下降。因此,随着温度升高,在p-n节附近的活性层厚度减少,这将使电池电压和转换效率明显下降。因此,硅电池的效率在寒冬晴日高于夏日暴晒,虽然后者的辐照量更大。……
