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基于三维激光扫描技术的历史建筑建档保护研究

2021-04-03王顺赵志根

现代信息科技 2021年19期

王顺 赵志根

摘  要:古建筑是历史的见证和文化的载体,城市建设理念上的差异以及城市建设进程的不断加快,使古建筑正在遭受不同程度的破坏,古建筑建档保护困难的问题亟待解决。文章以浙江桐庐某历史建筑为例,研究了采用三维激光扫描技术保护古建筑建档的原理、方法、优势。通过点云切片,绘制平、立、剖面以及典型图案建筑现状测绘图,为古建筑建档保护提供一种全新的途径和方法。

关键词:三维激光扫描技术;三维建模;建筑现状测绘图;建档保护

中图分类号:TP391.9                文献标识码:A文章编号:2096-4706(2021)19-0001-06

Research on the Archiving and Conservation of Historical Buildings Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology

WANG Shun, ZHAO Zhigen

(School of Spatial Information and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan  232001, China)

Abstract: Ancient buildings are the witness of history and the carrier of culture. The differences in urban construction concepts and the accelerating process of urban construction make ancient buildings being damaged to varying degrees. The problem of difficult archiving and conservation of ancient buildings needs to be solved urgently. Taking a historical building in Tonglu in Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper studies the principle, method and advantages of 3D laser scanning technology for the archival conservation of ancient buildings. Through point cloud slicing, the building status mapping with plane, vertical, section and typical patterns are drawn, which provides a new way and method for the archiving and conservation of ancient buildings.

Keywords: 3D laser scanning technology; 3D modeling; building status mapping; archiving and conservation

0  引  言

隨着科学技术的快速发展以及测量仪器的更新换代,测绘技术经历了从手工测绘到数字化、信息化测绘的转变,未来将会朝着智能化的方向快速发展。三维激光扫描技术又被称为“实景复制技术”,它是近些发展起来的一项高新技术,突破了传统单点测量的局限性,具有非接触、全自动、高精度、高效率的独特优势。扭转了以往在测绘古建筑基本信息过程中需要耗费大量的人力、物力,并且受天气等外界因素影响的弊端。目前,全站仪、普通钢尺是主要的人工测量工具,然而,三维激光扫描技术的日趋成熟,使其逐渐被广泛应用于城市地图测绘、文物保护、形变量检测等领域。随着数字城市和智慧城市[1]的不断发展,二维数据因其自身的局限性而无法满足人们的应用需求。相对于二维模型,三维模型可以更真实地还原目标物全貌。……

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