林靖 饶秋华 刘洋 柯文辉 阮章邦 罗土炎

摘 要：使用封闭循环水养殖系统与传统养殖系统分别养殖某种鱼，比较了养殖1年后两种系统中鱼的成活率、饵料转化率、细菌性疾病发生次数、寄生虫疾病发生次数、产品产出等指标。结果表明，封闭式循环水养殖比传统养殖用水量减少了6～7倍、发病次数减少1～3次、用药量减少10%～30%、成活率增加了8%、转化率增加了8%，产品产出多了16.9%。因此，产品优质安全、病害少、密度高、养殖生产不受地域或气候的限制和影响，资源利用率高。使用封闭水产品循环水养殖系统采取集约化生产方式，减少了人力成本，降低了饵料系数，是高投入、高产出、低风险，实现水产养殖业可持续发展的重要途径。

关键词：循环水养殖系统;养殖效率;资源节约;实用性

中图分类号：S 96 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）01-0032-09

DOI：10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.01.006

Abstract：In this study， the closed recirculating aquaculture system and traditional aquaculture system were used to raise some kind of fish， respectively. The indicators such as the survival rate， feed conversion rate， the occurrence frequency of bacterial disease， the occurrence frequency of parasitic disease， and the product output of fish in the two systems were compared after being cultured for 1 year. The results showed that compared with the traditional aquaculture， the water consumption of closed recirculating aquaculture was reduced by 6-7 times， the incidence of disease was reduced by 1-3 times， the drug dosage was reduced by 10%-30%， the survival rate was increased by 8%， the conversion rate was increased by 8%， and the product output was increased by 16.9%. Therefore， the products cultured in this way were of high quality and safety， with few diseases and high density. Besides， the aquatic production was not restricted and affected by region or climate， and the utilization rate of resources was high. The closed recirculating aquaculture of aquatic products adopted the intensive production mode， reduced the human cost and feed coefficient， which was an important way to achieve the sustainable development of aquaculture industry with high input， high yield and low risk.

Key words：Recirculating aquaculture system; Breeding efficiency; Resource saving; Practicability

我國水产品总产量自1990年起一直位居世界第1位，2015年达到了6699.65万t;同时我国也是世界上唯一养殖产量高于捕捞产量的国家，2015年养殖产量4937.90万t，占总产量的73.70%，养殖面积约846.5万hm2[1]。伴随着水产养殖业的发展，一方面传统的池塘养殖全程质量控制困难，病害频发;另一方面水资源的浪费惊人和环境污染严重，这些严重影响了现代水产养殖业的可持续健康发展，实际上这也是目前制约我国水产养殖业快速高效发展的瓶颈问题[2]。因此，探究循环式工厂水产养殖先进技术及手段，创造养殖水生动物良好生态环境，以不受外界环境制约，最终实现高品质、高效率生产及养殖环境生态保护，并极大提高养殖资源利用率及养殖产品质量安全已成为国内外生态养殖可持续发展的重要研究方向和热点。……