纺织品结构生色的研究进展
2021-03-28韩朋帅鲁鹏刘国金柴丽琴须秋洁周岚邵建中
韩朋帅 鲁鹏 刘国金 柴丽琴 须秋洁 周岚 邵建中



摘要: 近年来,在纺织品上构建结构色来实现其着色的研究炙手可热。与传统的染料和颜料所产生的化学色不同,结构色的产生无须依靠色素着色剂,具有高明亮度、高饱和度、永不褪色等特征,是一种生态环保的着色方式。文章系统介绍了结构色产生的方式及其基本原理,对纺织品上结构色的制备方法进行了阐述,并探讨了结构生色纺织品的应用进展,最后分析了纺织品上的结构生色在应用过程中可能存在的问题和面临的挑战。这些工作为实现纺织品上结构生色的实际应用提供了策略支撑。
关键词: 纺织品;着色;组装;结构生色;生态环保
Abstract: In recent years, the research of structural coloration on textiles has been widely studied. Different from the chemical colors produced by traditional pigments or dyes, the generation of structural colors has no need to rely on colorants. Generally, structural colors present the characteristics of high brightness, high saturation and never fading, which is considered to be an ecological coloration method. In this paper, the generation methods and basic principles of structural coloration have been systematically introduced, the preparation methods of structural colors on textiles have been described in detail, and the application progress of textiles with structural colors has been discussed. Finally, the possible problems and challenges in the application of structural coloration on textiles have been deeply analyzed. These works have provided strategic support for the practical application of structural coloration on textiles.
Key words: textiles; coloration; assembly; structural coloration; ecological
根據来源和产生机理,颜色可大致分为化学色和结构色两类。化学色主要借助化学着色剂作用(染料、色素分子、颜料等)实现发色,生色机理涉及电子在分子轨道间的跃迁。结构色的来源则与其自身微观结构,与光线产生衍射、干涉、散射及反射等作用有关。自然界中蝴蝶的翅膀[1]、孔雀的羽毛[2]、肥皂泡[3]及天然欧泊(opal)蛋白石[4]等所产生的颜色都属于结构色。这些颜色大多具有光泽,若其观察视角发生改变,观察到的颜色也会随之变化,具有高亮度、高饱和度、永不褪色和虹彩等特性[5-7]。
颜色是反映纺织品品质的重要属性。几百年来,通过施加染料、颜料等物质获得化学色一直是实现纺织品着色的主要方法。然而,传统染料和颜料着色却存在水资源消耗量大、废水难处理、颜色经长时间氧化后易褪去等缺点。……
