吴焕岭

摘要： 基于“共混纺丝”原理，文章以聚丙烯腈为基材，以药物姜黄素和维生素E醋酸酯作为添加剂，旨在制备一种差异化多功能长丝纤维。在纤维制备过程中以“相似相溶”为理论基础选择适当的药物添加剂，并对纺丝工艺进行改进。通过纺丝液黏度、纤维的机械性能、形貌结构特征、着色性能、X射线衍射及热失重性能等测试方法，对纺丝液和纤维性质进行测试表征。结果表明：长丝纤维的断裂强度增加，断裂延伸性显著提高，该纤维能够进行织造加工;纤维无需染色就获得天生亮黄色;纤维的断面呈肾形结构，长100～200 μm，宽50～100 μm，且纤维内部具有孔径约为100 nm的纳米多孔结构。

关键词： 聚丙烯腈;差异化纤维;共混纺丝;纺丝工艺;多孔结构

Abstract： Based on the principle of "blended spinning"， a differentiated and multi-functional filament fiber was prepared with polyacrylonitrile as the main substrate and the drugs curcumin and vitamin E acetate as the additives. During the preparation of fiber， appropriate additives were selected based on the theory of "like dissolves in like"， and the spinning process was improved. The properties of spinning solution and fiber were characterized by the viscosity of spinning solution， mechanical properties， morphology and structure， coloring properties， X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric properties of fiber. The results showed that the breaking strength of the drug-loaded fiber increased and its elongation at break was significantly improved; the fiber can be woven and processed， and it was naturally bright yellow without dyeing. The fiber had a kidney-shaped cross-section， with a length of 100～200 μm and a width of 50～100 μm. Inside the fiber， there was also a nano-porous structure with a diameter of about 100 nm.

Key words： polyacrylonitrile; differentiated fiber; blended spinning; spinning process; porous structure

差异化多功能纤维具有很多特殊的性质，近年来受到广泛关注。由于共混纺丝技术在制备新型材料方面具有灵活简便的特点，使得该技术日益普遍和多样化，但需首先考虑各组分之间及与溶剂间的相容性。随着生活水平的提高，人们愈加关注身体健康，對各种医疗保健服装和天然染料着色纺织品的需求大幅增加。姜黄素（Cur）是一种橙黄色的多酚化合物，具有广泛的广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤治疗特性，也是众所周知的抗凝血剂和抗氧化剂，能够用于伤口治疗[1]。很多共混纤维的机械性能会发生不同程度的降低，而研究表明姜黄素的载入有利于纤维机械性能的提高[2-3]，说明姜黄素与一些纤维材料的相容性非常好。……