杨主敏　刘圣慧　陈鑫　王鲜

【摘要】 目的：探讨年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration，AMD）的危险因素。方法：选取2017年9月2日-2020年9月30日就診于本院的100例（100眼）年龄相关性黄斑变性患者为观察组，同期再选取100例未患有AMD的健康体检者为对照组，收集两组研究对象的实验室血液学检查、生活习惯及既往病史等临床资料，进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析，探讨AMD发病的危险因素。结果：年龄、高血压病史、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、气管炎/哮喘病史、吸烟史、AMD家族史是年龄相关性黄斑变性的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：年龄、高血压病史、HDL-C升高、气管炎/哮喘病史、吸烟史、AMD家族史均是AMD发生的危险因素，临床可考虑通过改变不良生活方式、控制基础病等措施，提高疾病认知程度，降低AMD的发病率。

【关键词】 年龄相关性黄斑变性 危险因素 高血压

[Abstract] Objective： To investigate the risk factors of age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. Method： A total of 100 patients （100 eyes） with age-related macular degeneration admitted to our hospital from September 2， 2017 to September 30， 2020 were selected as the observation group， and another 100 healthy subjects without AMD were selected as the control group during the same period. Clinical data including laboratory hematological examination， living habits and previous medical history of the subjects in the two groups were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the risk factors of AMD. Result： Age， history of hypertension， elevated HDL-C， history of bronchitis/asthma， smoking history， and family history of AMD were risk factors for age-related macular degeneration （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Age， history of hypertension， HDL-C， history of bronchitis/asthma， smoking history， and family history of AMD are all risk factors for AMD， clinical measures such as changing the bad lifestyle and controlling the basic diseases can be considered to improve the disease awareness and reduce the incidence of AMD.

[Key words] Age-related macular degeneration Risk factors Hypertension

First-author’s address： The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University， Guiyang 550001， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.19.040

年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration，AMD）是一种常见的由于黄斑部的退行性改变而引起的眼部衰老疾病，该疾病能逐渐地破坏中心视力并且最终导致患者失明[1]。AMD大多发病于45岁以上，其患病率随年龄的增长而增高，已成为我国第三大致盲性眼病[2]。迄今AMD的发病机制还不完全清楚，衰老、营养失衡和遗传等多种因素参与其发病，其确切的发病机制尚待进一步研究[3]。有研究将AMD危险因素分为可控因素和不可控因素，可控因素包括吸烟、饮食、体质量控制等，不可控因素则包括年龄、性别、种族、地域、家族史和遗传背景等，而了解AMD的可控因素可促使医生确定和改变高危行为，以阻止疾病进展导致视力丧失[4]。……