蒋一红 段立军

【摘要】 目的：分析本院嬰幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血的流行病学特征及相关因素。方法：选择2018年1月-2019年6月本院收治的300例小细胞低色素性贫血患儿作为研究组，并选择同期于本院接受体检的300例健康婴幼儿作为对照组。整理研究组患儿的一般资料，分析婴幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血的流行病学特征。对两组婴幼儿父母进行问卷调查，分析婴幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血的相关因素。结果：300例婴幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血患儿，年龄0～3岁，以≤1岁、男性、轻度贫血为主，缺铁性贫血是最常见的病因;研究组母亲孕期贫血、母亲学历大专以上、低出生体重儿、早产儿、存在挑食、辅食添加时间>6月龄、贫血前患有胃肠道疾病的比例均高于对照组（P<0.05）;多因素logistic回归分析显示，母亲孕期贫血、低出生体重儿、早产儿、存在挑食、辅食添加时间>6月龄、贫血前患有胃肠道疾病均是婴幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血的危险因素（P<0.05），母亲学历大专以上是婴幼儿小细胞低色素性贫血的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：本院小细胞低色素性贫血最主要病因是缺铁性贫血，多发生于≤1岁的男性患儿，以轻度贫血为主，预防母亲孕期贫血、减少低出生体重儿及早产儿、改善挑食、避免胃肠道疾病、及时添加辅食是预防小细胞低色素性贫血的重要措施。

【关键词】 小细胞低色素性贫血 婴幼儿 流行病学特征 病因

Epidemiological Characteristics and Related Factors of Small Cell Hypochromic Anemia in Infants in Our Hospital/JIANG Yihong， DUAN Lijun. //Medical Innovation of China， 2021， 18（28）： 0-085

[Abstract] Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of small cell hypochromic anemia in infants in our hospital. Method： A total of 300 cases of small cell hypochromic anemia in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the study group， and 300 cases of healthy infants in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The general data of children in the study group was sorted out， and the epidemiological characteristics of small cell hypochromic anemia in infants were analyzed. The parents of two groups were investigated by questionnaire to analyze the related factors of small cell hypochromic anemia. Result： 300 cases of small cell hypochromic anemia in infants， aged 0-3 years old， mainly ≤1 year old， male， mild anemia， iron deficiency anemia was the most common cause. the proportions of maternal anemia during pregnancy， maternal education college or above， low birth weight infants， premature infants， picky food， complementary food addition time >6 months old， gastrointestinal diseases before anemia of the study group were higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal anemia during pregnancy， low birth weight infants， premature infants， the presence of picky food， complementary food addition time >6 months old， gastrointestinal disease before anemia were risk factors of small cell hypopigmentation anemia in infants （P<0.05）， and maternal education above junior college was protective factors of small cell hypopigmentation anemia in infants （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The main cause of small cell hypochromic anemia in our hospital is iron deficiency anemia， which mostly occurs in male children ≤1 year old， mild anemia was the main cause. It is an important measure to prevent small cell hypochromic anemia by preventing maternal anemia during pregnancy， reducing low birth weight infants and premature infants， improving picky food， avoiding gastrointestinal diseases and timely adding complementary food.

[Key words] Small cell hypochromic anemia Infants Epidemiological characteristics Etiology

First-author’s address： Shenzhen Children’s Hospital， Shenzhen 518026， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.28.020

小细胞低色素性贫血是红细胞系细胞中血红蛋白合成障碍引起的疾病，表现为红细胞平均体积、血红蛋白及红细胞平均血红蛋白量的降低[1-2]。……