熊涛 任杰 李青山 高琴 董祥洲 柏永超 王传义 徐秀红

摘  要：为验证密集烤房包式固定堆积装烟烘烤效果，以云烟97中、上部叶为材料，对烟夹装烟和包式固定堆积两种装烟方式装烟量、用工、烘烤耗能成本及烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分、外观质量、经济性状、感官质量进行比较分析。结果表明，包式固定堆积装烟量及密度比烟夹装烟提高45.70%～49.50%，编装烟和卸解烟用时缩短，每千克干烟烘烤用工及耗能综合成本下降0.46～0.50元。烤后烟叶平衡含水率提高0.15～0.30百分点（p<0.05），总糖含量提高1.40～2.13百分点（p<0.05），油分、色度均得到显著改善。包式固定堆积装烟量大、减工效果明显、烤后烟质量较好，是一种值得示范推广的烟叶烘烤装烟方式。

关键词：烟夹;包式固定堆积;烘烤

Abstract： In order to study the baking effect of the pack-style mode （tobacco fixed and stacked in packs） of bulk curing barn， the middle and upper leaves of Yunyan 97 were used to analyze tobacco loading， labor， energy consumption cost， physical properties， chemical composition， apparent quality， economic properties and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves， taking the clamp mode （tobacco held in the clamps） as the control. The results showed that the quantity and density of pack-style mode increased by 45.70%-49.50% compared with that of the clamp mode， the time of loading and unloading was shortened and the comprehensive cost of labor and energy consumption per kg dry tobacco was decreased by 0.46-0.50 yuan. The balanced moisture content of flue-cured tobacco leaves was increased by 0.15-0.30 percentage points（p<0.05）， the total sugar content was increased by 1.40-2.13 percentage points（p<0.05）， and the oil and color intensity were significantly improved. The results showed that the pack-style mode had the advantages of larger amount of tobacco loading， obvious work reduction effect and good quality of cured tobacco， which was worthy of demonstration and application.

Keywords： clamp mode; pack-style mode; flue-curing

密集烤房由于烘烤效率高[1]、便于集中管理等優势，在各烟叶产区得到快速发展。近年来，随着密集烤房的推广，烟叶烘烤规模化、专业化取得了较大进展[2]，但烘烤环节用工耗时多、烤后烟叶油分稍欠、颜色偏淡、叶片僵硬等问题[3]也逐渐显现。为了减工降本、提高烟叶质量，国内开展了关于密集烘烤装烟方式的研究[2，4]，在传统挂竿的基础上先后研发了烟夹、散叶等装烟方式。一般散叶装烟由于成本偏高、凋萎后易倒伏烤糟、烘烤风险大等因素的限制，仍处于试验阶段，现阶段密集烘烤装烟方式仍然以挂竿和烟夹为主。挂竿装烟虽然烤后烟叶质量好，但装烟量小[5-6]、费时费工，正逐渐被一些产区淘汰。烟夹装烟量较大，综合效益高于挂竿，有逐渐取代挂竿装烟的趋势，但没有根本改变烘烤环节用工多和耗能较高的缺点。在行业提出高质量发展目标的背景下，现有装烟方式尚不能完全满足烟叶生产需要[7]。……