彭海莹 田叶韩 李晓芳 张蕊 王德浩 梁元存 高克祥

摘  要：针对烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病两种烟草土传病害日益加重的现状，利用生防真菌棘孢木霉MX菌株和产紫青霉Q2菌株分别与植物诱抗剂氨基寡糖素进行组合，在盆栽条件下测定了其分别在两种病害胁迫下的抗病效果。结果表明，产紫青霉Q2和棘孢木霉MX对烟草黑胫病菌和根黑腐病菌均有较强的拮抗作用，其发酵滤液能有效抑制两种病原菌的生长，与氨基寡糖素组合后能够更好地促进烟草幼苗的生长，对黑胫病和根黑腐病的防治效果均达到65%以上，能显著提高发病烟草中防御酶PAL、SOD、POD的活性。

关键词：烟草黑胫病;烟草根黑腐病;棘孢木霉;产紫青霉;氨基寡糖素;生物防治

Abstract： The present situation of two kinds of tobacco soil-borne diseases， black shank disease and root black rot disease， is increasing， which greatly aggravates the degree of tobacco diseases. In this study， two excellent biocontrol strains， Penicillium purpurogenum strain Q2 and Trichoderma asperellum strain MX， were used to combine with amino oligosaccharides， a plant inducer of disease resistance， respectively. Effects on tobacco growth promoting and control efficacy of tobacco black shank and black root rot have been investigated by two fungal biocontrol agents and their combination with amino oligosaccharides in the potting experiment. The results showed that P. purpurogenum strain Q2 and T. asperellum strain MX had strong antagonism against P. parasitica var. nicotianae and T. basicola， and the combination of them and amino oligosaccharides could better promote the growth of tobacco seedlings， and the control effect on the tobacco black shank and black root rot was more than 65%， which could significantly improve the activities of PAL， SOD and POD in the diseased tobacco.

Keywords： tobacco black shank; tobacco black root rot; Trichoderma asperellum; Penicillium purpurogenum; amino oligosaccharide; biological control

煙草黑胫病是由寄生疫霉菌烟草致病变种（Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae）引起的土传卵菌病害[1-3]，当环境条件有利时，任何生长阶段都可发生。生长季节普遍存在的高温高湿环境条件有利于病原菌的生长繁殖，使烟草黑胫病成为最难控制的疾病之一[4]。烟草根黑腐病是由基生根串珠霉菌（Thielaviopsis basicola）引起的土传真菌病害，给烟草造成了不同程度的损失，已经成为世界性的主要烟草根茎病害之一。在田间，根黑腐病经常与烟草黑胫病同时发生，使危害程度加重，防治也更加困难[5-7]。目前的防治措施主要为化学防治，但化学农药的大量施用，不仅增加成本，也会危害环境及人体健康。并且已有研究发现烟草黑胫病菌对烯酰吗啉和甲霜灵等化学农药出现抗性风险[8-9]，因此探索生物防治尤为重要[10-11]。……