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结直肠癌免疫疗法的研究进展

2021-03-24靳增彩郝淑兰刘丽坤

中国医学创新 2021年36期

靳增彩 郝淑兰 刘丽坤

【摘要】 结直肠癌是世界上第三大常见癌症,发病率和死亡率在全球范围内不断增加。结直肠癌的标准治疗一直是手术、放射治疗和化学疗法。然而,这些治疗具有非特异性,对正常细胞具有细胞毒性。此外,许多患者经一系列治疗后仍会复发。因此,治疗结直肠癌更有效的替代疗法的出现至关重要。免疫疗法是癌症治疗的新选择之一,该策略利用患者自身的免疫系统对抗癌细胞。免疫疗法具有特异性,正常细胞不受影响。在某些情况下,免疫疗法的结果令人惊讶,但有些依赖于患者自身免疫系统状态的效果不佳。对免疫疗法反应好的患者具有更好的预后和生活质量。

【关键词】 结直肠癌 免疫疗法 T细胞 抗体 细胞因子

Advances in Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer/JIN Zengcai, HAO Shulan, LIU Likun. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(36): -179

[Abstract] Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, and the incidence rate and mortality rate increase worldwide. The standard treatment for colorectal cancer has been surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these treatments are nonspecific and cytotoxic to normal cells. In addition, many patients will relapse after a series of treatment. Therefore, the emergence of more effective alternative therapies for colorectal cancer is crucial. Immunotherapy is one of the new options for cancer treatment, the strategy uses the patient’s own immune system to fight against cancer cells. Immunotherapy is specific and normal cells are not affected. In some cases, the results of immunotherapy are surprising, but some depend on the state of the patient’s autoimmune system. Patients who respond well to immunotherapy have better prognosis and quality of life.

[Key words] Colorectal cancer Immunotherapy T cells Antibody Cytokines

First-author’s address: Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.36.042

結直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是世界上第三大常见癌症,发病率为10.2%,死亡率为9.2%[1-2]。CRC的标准常规治疗方法是手术、放疗和化疗。根据疾病的定位和进展,这些治疗可以组合使用[3]。这些治疗具有许多副作用,其对任何正在生长和分裂的细胞都具有非特异性的细胞毒性[4]。此外,即使在新辅助治疗后,仍有54%的患者复发。因此,亟待更有效的替代疗法出现。免疫疗法是癌症治疗的新选择之一。先天和适应性免疫应答可识别和清除潜在的癌细胞[5-6]。免疫疗法治疗癌症已有许多成功报道,特别是在血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤方面[7-8]。癌症免疫疗法专门针对恶性细胞上的抗原,提醒免疫系统注意外来物质的存在,并通过免疫反应的协同作用根除癌症,没有癌抗原的正常细胞不受影响。……

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