播种机具对夏玉米播种质量及产量的影响
2021-03-18高建胜崔慧妮田殿彬董国豪郭建军郭智慧李拥军郭良海
高建胜 崔慧妮 田殿彬 董国豪 郭建军 郭智慧 李拥军 郭良海



摘要 [目的]针对当前玉米机械播种单粒性差、播深不一致、作业质量不稳定等问题,设计不同播种机具播种试验,以减少作业工序,降低作业成本,提高作业效率,为山东省德州市玉米稳产高产提供参考。[方法]使用勺轮式、指夹式2种类型的精量播种机进行贴茬免耕播种,各播种机设置5、7、9 km/h 3种播种速度。[结果]从产量来看,指夹式播种机的播种效果明显好于勺轮式播种机,且在播种速度为7和9 km/h时玉米产量较高。[结论]综合考虑播种效果及播种效率,推荐指夹式播种机,播种速度为9 km/h。
关键词 夏玉米;播种机具;产量;播种效果;播种速度
中图分类号 S223.2 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)04-0207-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.056
Effects of Sowing Machine on the Seedling Quality and Yield of Summer Maize
GAO Jian-sheng1,CUI Hui-ni1,TIAN Dian-bin2 et al (1.Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253015;2.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Pingyuan County,Pingyuan,Shandong 253100)
Abstract [Objective]Aiming at the problems of poor single-grain seeding, inconsistent seeding depth, and unstable operation quality of current corns mechanical seeding, sowing experiments with different seeding machines were designed, in order to reduce the operating procedures, reduce the operating costs, and improve operating efficiency, and provide references for stable and high-yield of corn in Dezhou City of Shandong Province. [Method]In this experiment, two types of precision sowing machine (spoon-wheel seed drill and finger-clamp seed drill)were used for stubble no-tillage planting. Three different planting speed(5, 7 and 9 km/h)were set in each sowing machine. [Result]As for the yield,the sowing effect of finger-clamp seed drill was better than that of spoon-wheel seed drill, the yield of maize at the sowing speed of 7 and 9 km/h was higher. [Conclusion]Considering the seeding effect and seeding efficiency comprehensively, we recommend the finger-clamp seed drill at the sowing speed of 9 km/h.
Key words Summer maize;Sowing machine;Yield;Sowing effect;Sowing speed
基金项目 国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-56);山东省现代农业产业技术体系玉米创新团队项目(SDAIT-02-19)。
作者简介 高建胜(1990—),男,山东安丘人,农艺师,硕士,从事作物栽培及遗传育种研究。通信作者,高级农艺师,从事玉米育种及栽培研究。
收稿日期 2020-09-28
山东省是我国夏玉米主产区,对于保障我国糧食安全具有重要意义[1]。玉米产量受播种方式、环境、品种、地力条件等因素的影响很大[2-6]。随着农村劳动力结构的变化以及当前供给侧结构性改革的推进,提升作业机械化程度,改进配套措施,减少劳动力投入,保障粮食高产稳产势在必行[7-8]。为此,笔者通过开展不同播种机具播种试验,研究了不同播种机具对夏玉米产量的影响,以期为山东省德州地区机械化生产的推广,实现粮食高产、稳产提供理论依据。……
