尹剑 邱远宏

摘要 [目的]对贵州省道地药材天麻的生态适宜性进行评价，为产地中药资源合理种植提供参考。[方法]基于高程数据、气象栅格数据、土壤质地数据、土壤类型数据、土壤侵蚀数据、土地利用数据等，从地形适宜度、气候适宜度、土壤适宜度和土地利用适宜度4个方面，考察贵州省天麻的种植生态适宜性，借助空间分析技术将影响天麻生长的各类因素综合，获得贵州天麻种植的生态适宜性区划。[结果]黔西北是天麻种植生态适宜度的高度集中区，黔东北地区种植潜力也较大，但目前开发尚不充分，具有很大的发展潜力。[结论]贵州生态条件适合天麻药材产业发展，空间分析方法是一种有效的中药材种植区划方法。

关键词 天麻;生态适宜度;区划;贵州

中图分类号 S567.23+9  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0230-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.061

Ecological Suitability Regionalization for Gastrodia elata in Guizhou Province

YIN Jian1，2，QIU Yuan-hong1，2  （1.Research Center for China Western Modernization， Guizhou University of Finance and Economics，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025;2.College of Big Data Application and Economics， Guizhou University of Finance and Economics，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025）

Abstract [Objective] To evaluate the suitability of Gastrodia elata resources grown in Guizhou Province， and to provide references for rational planting of traditional Chinese medicine resources. [Method] The elevation data， meteorological grid data， soil texture data， soil type data， soil erosion data and land use data were collected. The ecological suitability of Gastrodia elata in Guizhou Province was investigated from four aspects of terrain suitability， climate suitability， soil suitability and land use suitability. The Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Gastrodia elata in Guizhou was obtained by integrating various factors with spatial analysis technology. [Result] Northwest Guizhou was a high concentration area of Gastrodia elata planting ecological suitability. The planting potential in the northeast of Guizhou Province was also great， but the development was not enough， so it had great development potential. [Conclusion] The ecological conditions in Guizhou were suitable for the development of Gastrodia elata planting industry. The spatial analysis method was an effective method for the regionalization of Chinese medicinal materials.

Key words Gastrodia elata;Ecological Suitability;Regionalization;Guizhou

基金項目 贵州省教育厅人文社会科学基地项目（2019jd026）;贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究青年项目（2020DXS020）;贵州省高校自然科学青年人才项目（黔教合KY字〔2021〕133） 。

作者简介 尹剑（ 1984—） ，男，黑龙江哈尔滨人，副教授，博士，从事土地与资源科学研究。

收稿日期 2020-09-22;修回日期 2020-10-14

天麻（Gastrodia elata）为兰科植物，以其干燥的块茎入药，是常用的名贵中药材，有息风止痉、平肝祛风、通络等功效[1] 。目前，天麻主要为人工栽培，分布于四川、云南、贵州、陕西、湖北、湖南、辽宁、吉林、河南、福建等省，现以云南昭通、陕西汉中、湖北宜昌、安徽六安和贵州大方为天麻主流产区，且品质较高[2] 。当前，随着人们养生意识的提高，天麻逐步突破传统药材用途，进入保健品、资源食品市场，许多天麻种植大省也开始不断推广并增加天麻的种植力度[3] 。……