刘燕茹 周乾 徐利岗

摘要 [目的]研究不同水肥组合对宁夏干旱风沙草原区固定喷灌紫花苜蓿土壤含水量及品质的影响。[方法]通过田间试验，对不同水肥组合下固定喷灌紫花苜蓿土壤含水量、作物水分利用效率和品质等指标进行综合分析。[结果]在沙土条件下，当苜蓿根区土壤含水量低于6.3%时必须灌水，灌水至土壤含水量在12.0%以上，每次灌水至40～60 cm;处理T4作物水分利用效率最高，产量较高，粗蛋白含量最高，适口性较好。[结论]宁夏干旱风沙草原区最优的水肥组合方式为灌溉定额3 600 m3/hm2，施肥量N 75.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 105.0 kg/hm2、K2O 90.0 kg/hm2。

关键词 干旱风沙草原区;紫花苜蓿;水肥组合;水分利用效率;品质

中图分类号 S275.6  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0201-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.054

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Combinations on Soil Moisture Content and Quality of Alfalfa with Fixed Spray Irrigation in Drought Sandy Savanes Region of Ningxia

LIU Yan-ru1，ZHOU Qian2，XU Li-gang2 （1.Ningxia Agricultural Comprehensive Development Center，Yinchuan， Ningxia 750002;2.Ningxia Institute of Water Resources Research，Yinchuan，Ningxia  750021）

Abstract [Objective]To study the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on soil moisture content and quality of alfalfa under fixed spray irrigation in drought sandy savanes region of Ningxia.[Method]Through field experiment， the soil moisture content，crop water use efficiency and quality of alfalfa with fixed spray irrigation under different water and fertilizer combinations were comprehensively analyzed.[Result]The result indicates that， under sandy soil conditions， when the soil moisture content in alfalfa root zone was lower than 6.3%，  irrigation must be carried out until the soil moisture content was more than 12.0%， and each irrigation depth was 40-60  cm.T4 treatment had the highest water use efficiency， higher yield， the highest crude protein content and good palatability.[Conclusion]The best combination of water and fertilizer in drought sandy savanes region of Ningxia was as follows：the irrigation quota of 3 600 m3/hm2，the amount of N，P，K fertilizer of 75.0，105.0 and 90.0 kg/hm2 respectively.

Key words Drought sandy savanes region;Alfalfa;Water and fertilizer combinations;Water use efficiency;Quality

基金项目

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0400305）;宁夏重点研发计划项目（2019BBF02029）;宁夏人才项目（ KJT2016005）。

作者简介 刘燕茹（1989—），女，宁夏平罗人，助理工程师，从事节水灌溉与管理研究。通信作者，工程师，硕士，从事节水灌溉与水土保持研究。

收稿日期 2020-07-23

水资源明显短缺、水肥协同效率不高是目前农业节水领域存在的突出问题，它不仅关系到国家粮食安全和生态安全， 而且关乎到国家安全[1]。农业节水与水肥一体化将是缓解我国水资源供需矛盾的主要途径[2]。近年来，大面积示范试验表明，与传统方式相比，水肥一体化技术可以减少肥料挥发、固定以及淋洗的损失，肥料利用率可以提高30%～50%，水分利用率可以提高40%～60%[3]。宁夏地处西北内陆干旱区，气候干旱少雨，水资源极为匮乏。针对宁夏农业用水日趋紧张的现状，为了使水资源得到高效利用，大力推廣高效节水灌溉与水肥一体化技术尤为重要[4-6]。……