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茶籽饼生物脱毒工艺的优化

2021-03-18管维詹逸舒李明红兰时乐管桂萍文金

安徽农业科学 2021年4期

管维 詹逸舒 李明红 兰时乐 管桂萍 文金

摘要 以茶籽饼中茶皂素降解率为主要指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验对嗜酸小球菌固体发酵茶籽饼的生物脱毒工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,该菌适宜的生物脱毒工艺条件为茶籽饼粕85%、麦麸15%、葡萄糖3%、KH2PO4 0.1%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.15%、NaCl 3%、含水量70%、种龄24 h、发酵时间5 d、接种量20%、初始pH 6.0、发酵温度32 ℃,在此优化工艺条件下茶籽饼中茶皂素的降解率可达到68.42%,比优化前提高了57.13%。

关键词 嗜酸小球菌;茶籽饼粕;茶皂素;固态发酵

中图分类号 S816  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)04-0175-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.048

Optimization of Tea Seed Cakes Biological Detoxification Process

GUAN Wei1, ZHAN Yi-shu2, LI Ming-hong3 et al

(1. Market Supervision and Administration Bureau in Nanyue District of Hengyang City, Hengyang, Hunan 421900; 2.Livestock and Fisheries Affairs Center in Changning City,Changning, Hunan 421500; 3.  Administration Bureau of Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve, Hengyang, Hunan 421900)

Abstract Taking the degradation rate of tea saponin as the main index, the single-factor test and orthogonal test were used to optimize the biodetoxification process conditions of tea seed cake by solid fermentation of Pediococcus acidilactici. The results showed that the suitable detoxification process conditions of tea seed cake were as follows: 85% tea seed cake, 15% wheat bran, 3% glucose, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.15% MgSO4·7H2O, 3% NaCl, 70% water content, seed age 24 h, inoculation amount 20%, initial pH 6.0, fermentation temperature 32 ℃.Under these conditions, the degradation rate of tea saponin in tea seed cake reached 68.42%, which was 57.13% higher than before optimization.

Key words Pediococcus acidilactici;Tea seed cake;Tea saponin;Solid state fermentation

作者简介 管维(1986—),女,湖南衡阳人,工程师,硕士,从事质量检验工作。

收稿日期 2020-06-15

茶籽饼,又称为茶粕、茶枯,是油茶果实榨油后剩下的渣滓[1]。据国家统计局统计,2010年我国油茶种植面积达到200余万hm2,年产油茶籽109万t,油茶籽粕70多万t[2]。但是,由于茶籽饼粕中含有茶皂素等毒性物质以及单宁、粗纤维等抗营养成分,限制了其在动物饲料中的应用范围。目前主要采用物理法、化学法、微生物发酵法[3-9]以及综合法对茶籽饼粕进行脱毒处理,常用的方法有化学法与微生物发酵法[10]。其中,茶籽饼粕微生物发酵脱毒国内外进行了研究。丁丽霞[3]以油茶粕为研究对象,以茶皂素含量为指标,利用黑曲霉对油茶粕进行固态发酵降解茶皂素,在最优工艺条件下降解率达到89.99%。练杰等[11]利用黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌的混合菌对茶籽饼粕进行固态发酵,在最优工艺条件下可使茶籽粕的茶皂素降解率约为93.28%。黄浦[12]利用混菌液态发酵降解茶皂素,在最佳条件下进行混菌液态发酵试验,结果表明混菌降解茶皂素的降解率为(73.76±0.63)%。……

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