雷宁 曾建刚 沈小明 叶金云 朱俊杰

摘要 运用3种多元统计分析方法对采自太湖、钱塘江桐庐段的野生花鳐骨以及由太湖野生群体经人工繁育3代的花鳐骨这三个群体的30个形态参数进行了比较。结果显示，太湖群体和东林养殖群体的形态较为接近，而与桐庐群体的差异较大。利用主成分分析构建了3个主成分，其贡献率分别为主成分1 55.08%、主成分2 14.01%、主成分3 6.87%，它们的累积贡献率为75.97%。逐步判别选入3个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析，通过建立的3个群体判别函数，其判别准确率P1为75%～100%，P2 为77%～100%，综合判别率为86%，结果表明3个群体形态差异显著（P<0.01）。该研究为花鳐骨不同群体的鉴别积累了基础资料以及为花鳐骨的增殖放流、优良品种的培育和种质资源保护提供理论依据。

关键词 花鳐骨;形态特征;聚类分析;主成分分析;判别分析

中图分类号 Q954  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0088-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.023

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics  of Hemibarbus maculates under Different Growth Environments

LEI Ning1，ZENG Jian-gang2，SHEN Xiao-ming3 et al （1.College of Life Sciences，Huzhou University，Huzhou，Zhejiang 313001;2.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Deqing County，Huzhou，Zhejiang 313100;3.Deqing Haoyuan Aquatic Seed Industry Co.，Ltd.，Huzhou，Zhejiang 313200）

Abstract Three multivariate analysis methods were used to compare 30 morphological characteristics parameters of  three populations of Hemibarbus maculatus，including  two wild populations collected from Taihu Lake and Qiantangjiang River（Tonglu section），Donglin breeding population after 3 generations of artificial breeding.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of Taihu population and Donglin breeding population were similar，which had greater difference with those of Tonglu population.Through principal component analysis，three principal components were established，their contribution rates were 55.08%，14.01%，6.87%，respectively，and the cumulative contribution rate was 75.97%.Three traits with higher contribution rate were selected for discriminant analysis by stepwise discrimination.The discrimination functions of the three populations were set up.The discrimination accuracy P1 was 75%-100%，P2 was 77%-100%，comprehensive discrimination rate was 86%.The stepwise discrimination analysis revealed that the morphological characteristics were significantly different among three populations（P<0.01）.This study accumulated basic data for the identification of different populations of H.maculatus，and provided theoretical basis for the proliferation and release of H.maculatus， the cultivation of godd breed and the protection  of germplasm resources.

Key words Hemibarbus maculates;Morphological characteristics;Cluster analysis;Principal component analysis;Discriminant analysis

基金項目 浙江省重大科技专项（2016C020055-3-3）;国家水产种质资源共享平台项目（2018DKA30470）;浙江省重点研发科研项目（2019C02082）。

作者简介 雷宁（1996—），女，广西柳州人，硕士研究生，研究方向：水产种质资源。通信作者，副研究员，博士，硕士生导师，从事水产动物遗传育种研究。

收稿日期 2020-07-02

花鳐骨（Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker） 隶属鲤形目鲤科鳐骨亚科鳐骨属，俗称“季鱼”“鸡骨郎”“季郎鱼”，通常分布于亚洲境内的中国、朝鲜和日本等淡水水域以及俄罗斯境内的部分黑龙江水系[1]，该鱼肉鲜味美，颇受消费者的青睐，经济价值較高。随着人工繁殖和苗种培育技术的持续突破[2-3]，花鳐骨在江、浙、沪地区已成为优良的养殖品种。野生花鳐骨自然群体数量却不断削减，全因捕捞过度、水质污染及富营养化严重和竞争性鱼类放流等生态因子变化的影响。……