摘要 针对城市绿地紧实、结构差、保水保肥性能差等问题，以孔雀草为供试材料，研究液态地膜对土壤物理、化学性质及植株生长量的影响。结果表明，施用液态地膜120 d后，土壤容重降低18.5%、通气孔隙度提高22.2%、土壤最大持水量提高26.2%、土壤毛管持水量提高24.8%、毛管孔隙度提高5.7%;水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量与对照处理相比分别提高了17.7%、17.7%和19.7%;孔雀草生物量显著高于对照，地上部干重是对照的1.20倍。可见，施用液态地膜能够较好地改良土壤物理和营养性质，促进植株生长。

关键词 绿地土壤;液态地膜;土壤理化性质;植物生长量;影响

中图分类号 S153  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0065-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.017

Effects of Liquid Film on the Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Greenbelt

YANG Na

（Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning，Shanghai 200230）

Abstract Aiming at the problems of compact urban green space， poor structure， and poor water and fertilizer retention performance， maidenhair was used as the test material to study the effects of liquid film on soil physical and chemical properties and plant growth.The results showed that after 120 days of liquid film application， soil bulk density decreased by 18.5%， aeration porosity increased by 22.2%， soil maximum water holding capacity increased by 26.2%， soil capillary water holding capacity increased by 24.8%， and capillary porosity increased by 5.7%. The contents of hydrolytic nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 17.7%， 17.7% and 19.7%， respectively. The biomass content of maidenhair were significantly higher in the liquid film group than in the control group， and the dry weight of the above ground part was 1.20 times as much as that of the control.It can be seen that the application of liquid film can better improve the physical and nutritional properties of the soil and promote plant growth.

Key words Greenbelt soil;Liquid film;Soil physical and chemical properties;Plant growth;Effect

基金項目 上海市园林科学规划研究院2018年青年人才发展基金项目（2018-2-3）。

作者简介 杨娜（1986—），女，云南楚雄人，农艺师，硕士，从事城市绿地土壤质量检测、评价和修复等研究。

收稿日期 2020-06-12

城市绿化土壤往往来源杂芜，且土壤紧实，结构差，容重大，通气孔隙少，保水保肥性能差[1]。土壤的物理性质制约了土壤肥力水平，进而影响植物生长。液态地膜是一种具有增温、保墒、土壤结构改良等多种作用的土壤结构改良剂，在国土整治、固沙、植草、加固路基、滩涂治理等方面发挥了重要作用[2]。20世纪末，意大利开发出新型喷洒式可降解地膜，并在瑞典、德国和意大利广泛应用于番茄、芦笋、草莓、马铃薯和花卉种植，效果显著[3-4]。国内在2001—2014年液态地膜的发明专利有20多项，其中约50%选择了以腐殖酸为主要原材料，再与交联剂、成膜剂以及其他功能成分混合制备成液态地膜[5-6]。……