黄土区降尘及其元素成分特征分析
2021-03-18梁婷同延安王兵万红莲乔丽
梁婷 同延安 王兵 万红莲 乔丽



摘要 为研究陕西黄土区大气降尘污染及其化学成分特征,在洛川县设點对大气降尘进行监测。结果显示,2017年洛川总降尘量为58.1 t/(km2·a),月均值为4.8 t/(km2·月),月最大和最小值分别为24.9和0.1 t/(km2·月)。降尘量季节变化表现为春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,依次占年降尘量的59.7%、27.5%、9.3%和3.5%。降尘中可溶性盐分沉降总量为24.548 kg/(hm2·a),降尘中各种盐分沉降量从大到小分别为NH4+-N、Ca、NO3--N、Mg、Na、K、S和P。降尘中Fe、Al及重金属Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn的含量分别为10.889、95.309、10.178、51.164、96.027和9.189 mg/kg,均相对较低。
关键词 降尘;化学成分特征;陕西黄土区
中图分类号 X513 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)04-0056-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.015
Characteristic Analysis of Dustfall and Its Elementary Composition in Loess Area—Taking Luochuan as an Example
LIANG Ting1,2,TONG Yan-an2,WANG Bing1 et al (1.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji,Shaanxi 721013; 2.College of Resource and Environment,Northwest A & F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)
Abstract In order to study the atmospheric dust pollution and its chemical composition characteristics in the loess area of Shaanxi,a site was established in Luochuan County to monitor the atmospheric dust.The results showed that the total dustfall in Luochuan in 2017 was 58.1 t/(km2·a),the monthly average value was 4.8 t/(km2·month),and the monthly maximum and minimum were 24.9 and 0.1 t/(km2·month),respectively.The seasonal variation of dustfall precipitation showed that in spring > winter > autumn > summer,which accounted for 59.7%,27.5%,9.3% and 3.5% of total dustfall in turn.The total amount of soluble salt in dustfall was 24.548 kg/(hm2·a),with the elements descending order of NH4+-N,Ca,NO3--N,Mg,Na,K,S and P.The average contents of Fe,Al,Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn in the dust were 10.889,95.309,10.178,51.164,96.027 and 9.189 mg/kg,respectively,which were relatively low.
Key words Dust fall;Chemical composition characteristics;Loess area of Shaanxi
基金项目 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0047);宝鸡文理学院科研项目(ZK2017043)。
作者简介 梁婷(1986—),女,陕西岐山人,讲师,博士,从事大气氮沉降、施肥与环境研究。通信作者,教授,博士,博士生导师,从事土壤化学、植物营养等方面的研究。
收稿日期 2020-07-23;修回日期 2020-08-10
大气降尘也称自然降尘,指大气中自然降落于地面上的颗粒物,其粒径多在10 μm以上[1]。降尘除对生物界产生直接的物理性伤害外,更重要的是间接的化学危害,并可造成严重的二次污染,是城市大气环境监测的重要内容之一,其值可作为空气质量评价的指标,其计量指标单位为一定时间内单位面积上地表沉降物质的量[2]。由于浮尘危害人类健康,改变大气辐射平衡,影响植物光合作用,影响土壤的性质和组成,因而引起国内外学者广泛关注[3]。特别是近年来,由于人类活动的加剧,脆弱生态系统受到了剧烈扰动,扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴等恶劣天气现象频繁出现,由此带来的大量降尘对大气环境质量、土壤性质和人群健康产生了显著影响[4-6]。因此,研究大……
