周刚 杨虎 陈光勇 李文品 张世洪 叶青松 唐余成 徐星华 许红霞 袁修华

摘要 以玉米新品种郧单22为试验材料，研究肥料和密度对其主要农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明，肥料和密度对郧单22的农艺性状和产量影响显著。在4个施肥水平中，复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2水平处理的穗长、穗行、出籽率、千粒重、产量均达到最大值。密度对穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重及产量均有显著影响，穗长、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重整体上均随着密度的增高而降低，产量却随着密度的增高而逐渐增加，当密度为60 000株/hm2时产量最高。不同种植密度、施肥量及二者之间的互作效应，导致产量存在显著差异。产量随着种植密度和施肥量的增加而增加，但是当密度和施肥量太高时，产量出现降低。农艺性状变化规律与产量变化有密切关系。综合考虑肥料和密度因子，最佳处理组合为复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2，密度为60 000株/hm2。

关键词 玉米;郧单22;肥料;密度;农艺性状;产量

中图分类号 S513  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0043-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.011

Effects of Fertilizer and Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Yundan 22

ZHOU Gang，YANG Hu，CHEN Guang-yong  et al

（Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shiyan， Hubei 442000）

Abstract Effects of different fertilizer and density on main characters and yield of hybridmaize Yundan 22 were studied. Results showed that the fertilizer and density had obvious effects on the agronomic characters and yield of Yundan 22.In four fertilizer treatments，treatment of  compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 and urea 450 kg/hm2 had the largest value in spike length， ear rows， seed rate， thousand-grain weight and yield. Density had significant impacts on the spike length， spike width， ear rows， grains per row， thousand-grain weight and yield. The spike length，spike width， grains per row， thousand-grain weight decreased as the density increased. But the yield enhanced as the density increased，the yield reached the highest when the density was 60 000 plants/hm2. The different planting density，fertilizing amount and their interaction make the output to have the very significant differences. Moderately increasing the density and fertilizer could increase production， which was to reduce when overdose. The variation of agronomic characteristics was related to yield of maize. The optimally treatment combination was compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 and urea 450 kg/hm2，the planting density was 60 000 plants/hm2.

Key words Maize;Yundan 22;Fertilizer;Density;Agronomic characters;Yield

基金項目 湖北省省农业科技创新中心项目（2016-620-000-001-063）。

作者简介 周刚（1975—），男，湖北十堰人，正高级农艺师，从事玉米种质资源创新、新品种培育、栽培技术研究及示范推广工作。

收稿日期 2020-06-16

玉米是重要的粮食和饲料作物，其产量的高低直接影响国家粮食安全[1]。2012年我国玉米播种面积为3 494.9万hm2，总产量为20 812万t，玉米产量首次超过了稻谷产量，成为我国第一大粮食作物[2]。湖北省地域辽阔，境内有江汉平原和长江，光、温、水、热资源丰富，非常适合玉米生产，近年来种植面积已突破80万hm2。……