龚松玲 何明凤 李成伟 高珍珍 刘章勇 朱波

摘要 [目的]為探明不同种植模式对作物周年产量和温光资源利用效率的影响。[方法]2017—2018 年在湖北省荆州市江陵县三湖农场，采用随机区组设计，设置中稻-小麦、中稻-油菜、中稻-冬闲3种种植模式进行试验。[结果]中稻-小麦模式周年产量比中稻-油菜和中稻-空闲分别高8.06%和46.71%;3种种植模式水稻季差异不显著，差异主要来自冬季作物，小麦产量是油菜的2倍左右;在经济效益上，中稻-油菜模式收益最高，比中稻-小麦和中稻-空闲分别高1 123和2 959元/hm2，增幅率为6.63%和19.61%;在积温利用上，中稻-小麦模式积温利用效率最高，比中稻-油菜和中稻-空闲高1.27%和27.16%。[结论]中稻-油菜模式的经济效益高，环境风险比中稻-小麦式较小，冬闲田的资源利用效率浪费严重，应选出适应力强，且环境友好的冬季作物。

关键词 水旱轮作;种植模式;产量;资源利用效率;经济效益

中图分类号 S344.1  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0032-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.009

Effects of Paddy-upland Rotation Systems on Resource Utilization Efficiency and Yield

GONG Song-ling， HE Ming-feng， LI Cheng-wei et al

（Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry Yangtze University/ Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Education， Jinzhou， Hubei 434000）

Abstract [Objective] To explore the impact of different planting patterns on crop annual yield， temperature and light resource utilization efficiency. [Method] A random block design was adopted at Sanhu Farm in Jiangling County， Jingzhou City， Hubei Province from 2017 to 2018. Three planting modes of rice-wheat， rice-rapeseed and rice-fallow were set up. [Result] The annual yield of rice-wheat model were 8.06% and 46.71% higher than those of the rice-rapeseed and rice-fallow， respectively;there was no significant difference in the rice season of the three planting modes， the difference of which was mainly due to winter crops， and the wheat yield was about twice that of rape;in terms of economic benefits， the rice-rapeseed model had the highest profit， which is 1 123 and 2 959 yuan/hm2 higher than those of the medium rice-wheat and medium rice-fallow， respectively， with an increase rate of 6.63% and 19.61%;the accumulated temperature utilization efficiency of the medium rice-wheat model was the highest， which was 1.27% and 27.16% higher than those of the rice-rapeseed and rice-fallow. [Conclusion] In terms of effective accumulated temperature utilization， there is no significant difference between the rice-wheat model and the rice-rapeseed model， but the rice-rapeseed model has higher economic benefits and lower environmental risks than the rice-wheat model. In addition， the utilization efficiency of winter fallow fields is wasteful， and winter crops that are adaptable and environmentally friendly should be selected.

Key words Paddy-upland rotation;Planting mode;Yield;Resource utilization efficiency;Economic benefit

基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0301306，2017YFD0301400）;湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目（KFT201904）;国家自然科学基金项目（31870424）。

作者简介 龚松玲（1994—），女，河南商丘人，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业作物与栽培。通信作者，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，从事农业作物与栽培研究。

收稿日期 2020-10-16

水稻是人类最重要的粮食作物之一，世界上约50%人口以稻米为主食[1]。中国作为世界上水稻主生产国，其种植面积和籽粒产量分别约占全球的16%和28%。长江中下游地区是我国水稻的主产区，水稻种植面积达2×106 hm2[2]，占全国种植面积的40%[3]，在我国的水稻生产中占有十分重要的地位，对确保该地区乃至全国的粮食安全都有重要意义。……