杨小青 阳丽琼 曹利芳

[摘要] 目的 探讨儿童意外伤害的防范措施，为永州地区儿童意外伤害的有效干预提供一定的理论依据。 方法 回顾性研究2017年1月至2019年12月在本院PICU救治的85例儿童意外伤害病例，统计分析儿童意外伤害的不同影响因素及分布特点。 结果 儿童意外伤害病例中男童多于女童，农村多于城市;年龄分组中以幼儿期组最多见;种类分布以中毒（43.53%），尤其是以药物中毒最常见（28.24%）;不同年龄组意外伤害种类分布不同。因意外伤害死亡的病例占同期死亡病例的41.38%。 结论 重症监护室意外伤害儿童死亡率高，具有性别、年龄及分布特点，对不同区域、不同年龄段儿童，尤其是男童，要有侧重地采取防范措施、加强监护、提高安全意识，可有效预防儿童意外伤害事件的发生。

[关键词] 儿童;意外伤害;中毒;防范措施

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the precautionary measures of children's accidental injuries and provide some theoretical basis for effective intervention of children's accidental injuries in Yongzhou area. Methods A retrospective research was conducted on 85 cases of children's accidental injuries admitted to PICU of a tertiary general hospital in Hunan province from January 2017 to December 2019， and the different impacting factors and distribution features of children's accidental injuries were statistically analyzed. Results There were more male than female cases of accidental injuries to children， and there were more rural than urban cases. The most common age group was the early childhood group. Poisoning （43.53%）， especially drug poisoning was the most common （28.24%）. There were different distributions of accidental injuries in different age groups. The death cases caused by accidental injuries accounted for 41.38% of the deaths in the same period. Conclusion The mortality rate of accidental injury children in intensive care unit is high， which has the features of gender， age and distribution. For children in different regions and different ages， especially boys， it is necessary to take precautionary measures， strengthen supervision and improve safety awareness， which can effectively prevent the incidents of accidental injury to children.

[Key words] Children; Accidental injury; Poisoning; Precautionary measures

兒童期意外伤害是21世纪儿童严重健康问题，目前在我国及世界各国已成为14岁以内儿童的第一位死因[1]，是指外来、突发、非本意、非疾病因素使身体受到伤害的客观事件，是目前儿童致死、致残的主要原因，已成为重大的公共卫生问题[2]，受个体因素、家庭因素、社会因素等多种因素影响，具有一定的区域特点[3]，因此不同地区的防范措施有其自身特点。本研究回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月于本院儿童重症监护室（PICU）救治的85例儿童意外伤害病例，旨在探讨防范本地区儿童意外伤害的干预措施，为永州地区儿童意外伤害的有效干预提供一定的理论依据，现报道如下。……