中国纺织高校技术融合动态演化模式及其对创新绩效的影响
2021-03-15徐茜程华
徐茜 程华



摘要: 技术融合是引领和主导下一代技术创新的重要手段。高校作为产业知识与技术的重要供给者,不管是独立创新还是合作创新,发生技术融合的可能性更大。文章采用2003—2016年中国纺织高校44 679项发明专利数据,研究了技术融合动态演化模式,并实证分析了技术融合及其不同模式的创新效应。结果表明:纺织高校的技术融合呈增长趋势,D部(纺织)与C部(化学)技术融合明显。技术融合模式以领域内融合为主,跨领域融合数量与强度相对较小;领域内与跨领域技术融合都促进创新绩效,领域内技术融合的促进作用大于跨领域融合;加入领域内融合与跨领域融合协同变量,可使领域内融合与跨领域融合对创新效应的作用增强。
关键词: 技术融合;领域内融合;跨领域融合;创新绩效;纺织高校
Abstract: Technology fusion is an important means to guide and lead the next generation of technological innovation. As an important supplier of knowledge and technology, colleges and universities are more likely to undergo technology fusion, whether in independent innovation or cooperative innovation. In this paper, 44 679 invention patents in Chinese textile universities from 2003 to 2016 are used to study the dynamic evolution mode of technology fusion, and make an empirical analysis on the innovation effect of technology fusion and its different modes. The results show that the technology fusion of textile universities shows a growth trend, and the technology fusion of Section D(textile) and Section C(chemistry) is obvious. The technology fusion mode is based on intra-field fusion, and the quantity and intensity of cross-field fusion are relatively small; both intra-field and cross-field technology fusion promote innovation performance, and the promoting effect of intra-field technology fusion is greater than that of cross-field fusion. After the addition of a synergistic variable between intra-field and cross-field fusion, the effect of intra-field and cross-field fusion on innovation performance can be enhanced.
Key words: technology fusion; intra-field fusion; cross-field fusion; innovation performance; textile universities
以大数据、人工智能、物联网、量子信息技术、虚拟现实及生物技术等为主要特征的第四次工业革命已经来临,新工业革命将促进不同领域的技术相互渗透、融合与扩散[1-2],技术融合对引领和主导下一代技术创新具有重要作用[3-4]。许多发达国家的政府已经制定了促进技术融合的计划,例如美国国家科学基金会(NSF)提出纳米、生物、信息和认知(NBIC)的技术融合;欧盟于2004年也执行了类似的技术融合政策[5],促进技术融合成为各国追求创新和经济增长的重要途径[6]。
技术融合的概念最初由Rosenberg提出[7],他通过研究机械制造业技术演变过程发现了机械仪器的技术融合现象,认为技术融合是“产品功能和性质完全无关的产业因采用通用技术而导致的独立化过程”。……
