赵蒙蒙 冒绮 吕佳 李永贵

摘要： 文章针对老年女性轮椅使用者，设计制作了一款新型外出裤和一款新型家居裤，并制作了一款普通梭织裤和一款普通针织裤进行对比实验，通过动作分解分析法、着装压力测量法及主观评价法研究了四款裤装的穿着性能。研究发现：对于穿上和脱下裆部的动作，新型外出裤自主完成度最高，分别为0.75和1.00，其穿脱便利性和如厕便利性也最高，分别为0.93和0.87;在60°、90°和120°三种坐姿角度下，两款新型裤装腹部的着装压力均小于0.4 N。与对应的普通裤装相比，两款新型裤装在着装压力方面与对应的普通裤装无明显差异，两款新型裤装的接触舒适感和热舒适感均优于其对应的普通裤装。

关键词： 轮椅使用者;老年女性;功能裤装;穿脱便利性;舒适感

Abstract： In this paper， two types of novel functional trousers were designed for elderly female wheelchair users， one for outdoor wear and the other for home wear. In addition， a type of ordinary tatted trousers and a type of ordinary knitted trousers were also made， to carry out a comparative experiment. The wearing performances of four types of trousers were analyzed via movement breakdown analysis， wearing pressure measurement and subjective evaluation. It was found that for the movements of putting on and taking off the crotches， the novel trousers for outdoor wear had the highest degree of autonomous completion（0.75 vs 1.00）. Also， this type of trousers had the highest convenience for donning/doffing and toileting（0.93 vs 0.87）. Under three sitting angles， that is， 60°， 90° and 120°， the wearing pressures imposed by theses two types of novel trousers on abdomen were less than 0.4 N. Compared with corresponding ordinary trousers， these two types of novel trousers showed no significant difference in wearing pressure. The contact comfort and thermal comfort of these two types of novel trousers were superior to those of ordinary trousers.

Key words： wheelchair users; elderly female; functional trousers; convenience for donning/doffing; comfort

近几年，中国政府在残疾人医疗、教育、就业、公共设施方面的投入不断加大，而残疾人服装却处于初级阶段。残疾人中较多为轮椅使用者，他们长期处于坐姿的静止状态，而轮椅使用者的服装在舒适性、功能性等方面有更高的要求。

任晓莉等[1]分析了高龄女子轮椅使用者的体型，研究发现腰腹臀围度尺寸对老年女性体型影响较大。李明[2]分析了肢体残障者心理特征，以“自卑感”和“补偿心理”为切入点，分析了残障者着装心理和实际着装行为。苏丹等[3]从服装的安全健康、舒适性、功能性、美观、个性五个角度，建议应结合残障者的身体结构和生活习惯进行服装设计。关小芳等[4]提出应以穿脱方便性为基础，设计残疾人裤装。……